Основні питання системної будови географічної оболонки Землі
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Дата
2024
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У роботі викладені деякі теоретичні положення про будову окремих частин географічної оболонки, т.з. секторів. Виходимо із того, що протягом всієї природної історії Землі, оболонка зазнала глибокої диференціації. Окрім поділу на геосфери, на поверхні землі утворилися окремі сектори. Серед них нами розглянуто та оцінено екзогенні системи секторів: ландшафтного (терригенного), аквашафтного (прибережно-морського) та талассогенного (океанічного), причому, у межах останнього виділено підсектори океанічний водний та океанічний донний. В роботі досліджено кожний із секторів. Складено ієрархічний ряд аквашафтний та талассоогенний, гідрогенні, запозичено відповідний ряд ландшафтних систем, які є терригенними. На підставі співставлення між ними, визначені їх природні характеристики, розміри, будова, властивості, інші особливості. На цьому підґрунті автор склав кореляційні ряди природних систем по кожному екзогенному сектору географічної оболонки. Визначення, аналіз, обґрунтування, теоретичне значення кожного ряду відкриває шляхи до подальшої географічної систематизації фізико-географічних систем, із їх місцем розташування у географічному просторі, розмірами, внутрішньою будовою, властивостями, динамікою, особливостями взаємодії із суміжними системами.
Problem Statement and Purpose. The main research took place around the systematisation of natural landscape (terrigenous) systems, including their genetic peculiarities, internal structure, interrelationships and interaction with adjacent systems, etc. In the course of time the problem acquired relevance as to the coastal zone of seas, when economic value and recreational attraction of sea coasts as well as their certain differences from landscape systems had been understood. Subsequently, when coastal science had been formed as a natural geographical science, natural difference became obvious. Hence, the purpose of the given work is to conduct the systematisation of separate exogenous natural systems of different organisation level, to determine their hierarchical ranks for physical-geographical conditions on Dry Land, in Ocean, on sea coasts, to make a correlation scheme between their corresponding ranks. Data and Methods. Materials and direct factual physical-geographical data were accumulated by the author for many decades of natural observations and measurements in various conditions of coastal zones of seas and oceans, at various latitudes, in various natural geographical zones of coastal zones of different countries. Our research in Ukraine and other countries were analysed and generalised in a number of scientific publications. Result of the Investigation. First of all, it is important that the lion’s majority of researchers-geographers calls “terrigenous” (from the Latin terra – Earth, continental land) landscape natural systems, including reference books and encyclopaedias. Simultaneously, such researchers classify ocean and coastal systems into landscapes, but according to our conclusions, ocean and coastal systems are not terrigenous. We have been assiduously selecting geographical facts, terms and concepts since the 90s of the XX century: the main differences were presented in numerous examples. It was definitively determined: a) coastal mixed systems (with upwater and underwater parts) are located under the impact of hydrogenic environment of the World Ocean; b) in many cases a part of the sea bottom becomes dry, for instance, during low tide times and wind-induced recessions storm surges impact, or both together; c) during storms in the phase of tide and wind surge the sea can move onto the land shore for tens of kilometres; d) coastal natural system cannot be a genetic landscape. Simultaneously the coastal system undergoes impact from continental land factors, components and processes, mostly of the local, genetic, morphological and structural features. Justified confidence that coastal zone is world-wide spread and has significant differences from natural-geographical features, characteristics, structure, internal structure, evolution of coastal-marine landscape and ocean systems was formed. The presented material provides a reason for determination of exogenous hierarchical row for aquashaftic (coastal-marine) sector of the geographical cover. As to oceanic (talassogenous) natural systems, the analysis of the required geographical information showed that it undergoes significant differentiation, both landscape and aquashaftic, in the water column. Particularly intense attention was paid to vortex structure of the water column, vertical stratification of the water column, formation of hydrofronts and water masses of various types. It is important that the said quasi-systems are localised in the mode of dynamic stability. Their location and thermochaline characteristic last for quite a long time, relative to lasting of neighbouring oceanic conditions and processes of “ocean-atmosphere” and “ocean-bottom” interaction. Systems of downwelling and upwelling, which favour vertical mass exchange, are more complicated.
Problem Statement and Purpose. The main research took place around the systematisation of natural landscape (terrigenous) systems, including their genetic peculiarities, internal structure, interrelationships and interaction with adjacent systems, etc. In the course of time the problem acquired relevance as to the coastal zone of seas, when economic value and recreational attraction of sea coasts as well as their certain differences from landscape systems had been understood. Subsequently, when coastal science had been formed as a natural geographical science, natural difference became obvious. Hence, the purpose of the given work is to conduct the systematisation of separate exogenous natural systems of different organisation level, to determine their hierarchical ranks for physical-geographical conditions on Dry Land, in Ocean, on sea coasts, to make a correlation scheme between their corresponding ranks. Data and Methods. Materials and direct factual physical-geographical data were accumulated by the author for many decades of natural observations and measurements in various conditions of coastal zones of seas and oceans, at various latitudes, in various natural geographical zones of coastal zones of different countries. Our research in Ukraine and other countries were analysed and generalised in a number of scientific publications. Result of the Investigation. First of all, it is important that the lion’s majority of researchers-geographers calls “terrigenous” (from the Latin terra – Earth, continental land) landscape natural systems, including reference books and encyclopaedias. Simultaneously, such researchers classify ocean and coastal systems into landscapes, but according to our conclusions, ocean and coastal systems are not terrigenous. We have been assiduously selecting geographical facts, terms and concepts since the 90s of the XX century: the main differences were presented in numerous examples. It was definitively determined: a) coastal mixed systems (with upwater and underwater parts) are located under the impact of hydrogenic environment of the World Ocean; b) in many cases a part of the sea bottom becomes dry, for instance, during low tide times and wind-induced recessions storm surges impact, or both together; c) during storms in the phase of tide and wind surge the sea can move onto the land shore for tens of kilometres; d) coastal natural system cannot be a genetic landscape. Simultaneously the coastal system undergoes impact from continental land factors, components and processes, mostly of the local, genetic, morphological and structural features. Justified confidence that coastal zone is world-wide spread and has significant differences from natural-geographical features, characteristics, structure, internal structure, evolution of coastal-marine landscape and ocean systems was formed. The presented material provides a reason for determination of exogenous hierarchical row for aquashaftic (coastal-marine) sector of the geographical cover. As to oceanic (talassogenous) natural systems, the analysis of the required geographical information showed that it undergoes significant differentiation, both landscape and aquashaftic, in the water column. Particularly intense attention was paid to vortex structure of the water column, vertical stratification of the water column, formation of hydrofronts and water masses of various types. It is important that the said quasi-systems are localised in the mode of dynamic stability. Their location and thermochaline characteristic last for quite a long time, relative to lasting of neighbouring oceanic conditions and processes of “ocean-atmosphere” and “ocean-bottom” interaction. Systems of downwelling and upwelling, which favour vertical mass exchange, are more complicated.
Опис
Ключові слова
географічна оболонка, екзогенні сектори, природні системи, ієрархічні ряди, особливості, кореляція, систематизація, geographical envelope, exogenous sectors, natural systems, hierarchical series, features, correlation, systematization
Бібліографічний опис
Шуйський Ю. Д. Основні питання системної будови географічної оболонки Землі / Ю. Д. Шуйський // Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. – 2024. – Т. 29, вип. 2(45). – С. 32–50.
УДК
551.524.3 + 551.49