Геохімічні та медико-екологічні аспекти поширення фтору в питних водах Одещини: теоретичне обґрунтування та практичний аналіз
Альтернативна назва
Geochemical and medico-ecological aspects of fluoride distribution in drinking waters of the Odesa region: theoretical substantiation and practical analysis
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Дата
2026
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті представлено теоретичне узагальнення ролі фтору як біогенного елемента в системі «природні води — здоров’я населення». Проведено комплексний аналіз впливу вмісту фтору в джерелах питного водопостачання Одещини на стоматологічне здоров’я населення. Виявлено територіальну диференціацію концентрацій фтору: від глибокого дефіциту в поверхневих водах р. Дністер (0,2–0,5 мг/л) до природних аномалій в артезіанських водах Болградського та Білгород-Дністровського районів (до 1,5–3,5 мг/л). Встановлено пряму залежність між рівнем захворюваності на карієс та флюороз зубів і вмістом фтору в питних водах. Висунуто гіпотезу про техногенні шляхи надходження фтору в промислових зонах м. Одеси.
Problem Statement and Purpose. The study addresses the fundamental relationship between the geochemical characteristics of natural waters and public health, focusing on fluoride as a conditionally essential trace element. In the Odesa region, the uneven distribution of fluoride in drinking water sources creates significant medico-ecological challenges, leading to widespread dental pathologies such as caries and fluorosis. The purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical substantiation of fluoride distribution patterns across the Odesa region’s new administrative districts and to analyze the practical implications for regional health monitoring and water management strategies. Data and Methods. The research methodology integrates hydrochemical, statistical, and comparative-geographical analysis. Fluoride concentrations were determined using the potentiometric method with a fluoride-selective electrode (EF-IV). The study utilized monitoring data from sanitary-epidemiological services, long-term scientific reports from the Institute of dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine, and the authors’ own field research. The assessment was performed in accordance with the current administrative-territorial division of the Odesa region, comprising seven districts. The obtained results were compared with international WHO standards and Ukrainian national regulations (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10). Results. The investigation revealed a pronounced territorial differentiation of fluoride levels. The Dniester River, which serves as the primary water source for approximately 80% of the region’s population, is characterized by a stable fluoride deficiency (0.21–0.44 mg/l), directly correlating with a high prevalence of dental caries among children (exceeding 80%). In contrast, the southern districts (Bolhrad and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi), which rely on deep artesian groundwater, exhibit natural geochemical anomalies where fluoride levels reach 1.5–3.5 mg/l, causing endemic fluorosis. A significant theoretical and practical finding is the identification of a medico-ecological paradox in Odesa city: despite the critically low fluoride content in the municipal water supply and artesian “buvettes” (0.09–0.23 mg/l), high rates of dental fluorosis are recorded in industrial zones. This suggests an additional technogenic pathway of fluoride intake via atmospheric pollution and soil contamination from industrial and transport emissions. Conclusions. The study confirms that the geochemical environment of the Odesa region is a decisive factor in the dental health of its population. The transition to the new 7-district administrative structure allows for more precise regional environmental planning. The findings emphasize the urgent need for a differentiated approach to water treatment, including controlled fluoridation in deficient areas and the implementation of defluoridation technologies in zones of geochemical anomalies. Furthermore, environmental monitoring in urban industrial areas must be expanded to account for non-water sources of fluoride exposure.
Problem Statement and Purpose. The study addresses the fundamental relationship between the geochemical characteristics of natural waters and public health, focusing on fluoride as a conditionally essential trace element. In the Odesa region, the uneven distribution of fluoride in drinking water sources creates significant medico-ecological challenges, leading to widespread dental pathologies such as caries and fluorosis. The purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical substantiation of fluoride distribution patterns across the Odesa region’s new administrative districts and to analyze the practical implications for regional health monitoring and water management strategies. Data and Methods. The research methodology integrates hydrochemical, statistical, and comparative-geographical analysis. Fluoride concentrations were determined using the potentiometric method with a fluoride-selective electrode (EF-IV). The study utilized monitoring data from sanitary-epidemiological services, long-term scientific reports from the Institute of dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine, and the authors’ own field research. The assessment was performed in accordance with the current administrative-territorial division of the Odesa region, comprising seven districts. The obtained results were compared with international WHO standards and Ukrainian national regulations (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10). Results. The investigation revealed a pronounced territorial differentiation of fluoride levels. The Dniester River, which serves as the primary water source for approximately 80% of the region’s population, is characterized by a stable fluoride deficiency (0.21–0.44 mg/l), directly correlating with a high prevalence of dental caries among children (exceeding 80%). In contrast, the southern districts (Bolhrad and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi), which rely on deep artesian groundwater, exhibit natural geochemical anomalies where fluoride levels reach 1.5–3.5 mg/l, causing endemic fluorosis. A significant theoretical and practical finding is the identification of a medico-ecological paradox in Odesa city: despite the critically low fluoride content in the municipal water supply and artesian “buvettes” (0.09–0.23 mg/l), high rates of dental fluorosis are recorded in industrial zones. This suggests an additional technogenic pathway of fluoride intake via atmospheric pollution and soil contamination from industrial and transport emissions. Conclusions. The study confirms that the geochemical environment of the Odesa region is a decisive factor in the dental health of its population. The transition to the new 7-district administrative structure allows for more precise regional environmental planning. The findings emphasize the urgent need for a differentiated approach to water treatment, including controlled fluoridation in deficient areas and the implementation of defluoridation technologies in zones of geochemical anomalies. Furthermore, environmental monitoring in urban industrial areas must be expanded to account for non-water sources of fluoride exposure.
Опис
Ключові слова
фтор, питні води, Одещина, місто Одеса, геохімічні аномалії, медико-екологічна оцінка, захворюваність населення, карієс, флюороз, екологічний моніторинг, fluoride, drinking water, Odesa region, Odesa city, geochemical anomalies, medico-ecological assessment, public health, dental caries, fluorosis, environmental monitoring
Бібліографічний опис
Тригуб В. І., Ляшкова О. О. Геохімічні та медико-екологічні аспекти поширення фтору в питних водах Одещини: теоретичне обґрунтування та практичний аналіз. Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. 2026. Т. 31, вип. 1(48). С. 53–67.
УДК
550.4:504.4.054:616.314-002/-003(477.74)