Геопросторовий аналіз онкологічної захворюваності населення Одеського регіону
Альтернативна назва
Geospatial analysis of oncological incidence of the population of the Odesa region
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Дата
2025
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті здійснено комплексний геопросторовий та суспільно-географічний аналіз онкологічної захворюваності населення Одеського регіону з урахуванням екологічних, соціально-економічних, демографічних та інфраструктурних детермінант. На основі статистичних даних Національного канцер-реєстру України, матеріалів екологічного моніторингу та порівняльно-географічних методів визначено просторові диспропорції поширення злоякісних новоутворень у семи укрупнених районах області. Встановлено наявність «гарячих точок» онкологічного ризику. Зазначено, що суспільно-географічні чинники, структура розселення, рівень розвитку соціальної інфраструктури, доступність медичних послуг, диспропорції між міськими та сільськими територіями, відіграють ключову роль у формуванні просторової неоднорідності онкоризику.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Cancer remains one of the key causes of premature mortality in Ukraine, forming a significant epidemiological burden on the healthcare system and significantly affecting the quality and longevity of the population. Geospatial studies allow not only to identify territorial differences and “hot spots” of increased cancer risk, but also to establish links between the level of environmental pollution, settlement structure, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure capabilities of medical institutions. The Odesa region is one of the most polystructural regions of Ukraine, combining a high concentration of industrial-urbanized zones, densely populated coastal areas, cross-border agricultural territories, and rural communities poorly equipped with medical infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics and spatial structure of cancer incidence in the enlarged districts of the Odesa region. Data and Methods. The methodological basis of the study is based on a combination of statistical and comparative-geographical approaches. Methods of variational statistics, structural analysis, standardization and calculation of relative values were applied, which ensured the assessment of levels and dynamics of oncological morbidity and the identification of inter-district differences. Results. The conducted geospatial analysis showed that the oncological morbidity of the population of the Odesa region has a clearly expressed territorial character and is formed under the influence of a complex of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Significant inter-district differentiation of indicators was revealed, with a concentration of “hot spots” in the Podilskyi, Izmailskyi and Rozdilnianskyi districts, which indicates the combined effect of agricultural load, hydro-ecological problems, urbanization impact and insufficient availability of high-quality preventive medicine. On the other hand, the lowest levels of cancer morbidity recorded in the Berezivskyi and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi districts should not be interpreted as a favorable situation, as they may be a consequence of underreporting of cases, limited diagnostics and uneven distribution of medical infrastructure. The identified environmental determinants, water resource pollution, agrochemical loads on soils, atmospheric pollution in industrial and port agglomerations and infectious and bacteriological risks, form a multi-vector, but interconnected impact on oncological processes. It has been established that the most powerful risk factors are industrial-urbanized atmospheric pollution and deterioration of drinking water quality, while agrochemical and infectious effects are secondary, but significant in the totality of environmental threats. Spatial patterns of the structure of malignant neoplasms confirm the dependence between the ecological state of the territory and the spread of various forms of oncopathology – from lung cancer in areas of intense atmospheric pollution to gastrointestinal cancer in areas with polluted groundwater and surface water. The presence of a high proportion of late-stage detection of malignant neoplasms, significant gender differences in mortality and unequal access to oncological care reinforce the systemic nature of the problem. Taken together, the study results highlight the need to implement geospatially-based screening programs, strengthen medical infrastructure in rural communities, expand environmental monitoring, and implement regional measures to reduce anthropogenic burden on the environment. Such an approach will increase the effectiveness of cancer prevention and provide targeted interventions in areas with the highest risks.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Cancer remains one of the key causes of premature mortality in Ukraine, forming a significant epidemiological burden on the healthcare system and significantly affecting the quality and longevity of the population. Geospatial studies allow not only to identify territorial differences and “hot spots” of increased cancer risk, but also to establish links between the level of environmental pollution, settlement structure, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure capabilities of medical institutions. The Odesa region is one of the most polystructural regions of Ukraine, combining a high concentration of industrial-urbanized zones, densely populated coastal areas, cross-border agricultural territories, and rural communities poorly equipped with medical infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics and spatial structure of cancer incidence in the enlarged districts of the Odesa region. Data and Methods. The methodological basis of the study is based on a combination of statistical and comparative-geographical approaches. Methods of variational statistics, structural analysis, standardization and calculation of relative values were applied, which ensured the assessment of levels and dynamics of oncological morbidity and the identification of inter-district differences. Results. The conducted geospatial analysis showed that the oncological morbidity of the population of the Odesa region has a clearly expressed territorial character and is formed under the influence of a complex of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Significant inter-district differentiation of indicators was revealed, with a concentration of “hot spots” in the Podilskyi, Izmailskyi and Rozdilnianskyi districts, which indicates the combined effect of agricultural load, hydro-ecological problems, urbanization impact and insufficient availability of high-quality preventive medicine. On the other hand, the lowest levels of cancer morbidity recorded in the Berezivskyi and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi districts should not be interpreted as a favorable situation, as they may be a consequence of underreporting of cases, limited diagnostics and uneven distribution of medical infrastructure. The identified environmental determinants, water resource pollution, agrochemical loads on soils, atmospheric pollution in industrial and port agglomerations and infectious and bacteriological risks, form a multi-vector, but interconnected impact on oncological processes. It has been established that the most powerful risk factors are industrial-urbanized atmospheric pollution and deterioration of drinking water quality, while agrochemical and infectious effects are secondary, but significant in the totality of environmental threats. Spatial patterns of the structure of malignant neoplasms confirm the dependence between the ecological state of the territory and the spread of various forms of oncopathology – from lung cancer in areas of intense atmospheric pollution to gastrointestinal cancer in areas with polluted groundwater and surface water. The presence of a high proportion of late-stage detection of malignant neoplasms, significant gender differences in mortality and unequal access to oncological care reinforce the systemic nature of the problem. Taken together, the study results highlight the need to implement geospatially-based screening programs, strengthen medical infrastructure in rural communities, expand environmental monitoring, and implement regional measures to reduce anthropogenic burden on the environment. Such an approach will increase the effectiveness of cancer prevention and provide targeted interventions in areas with the highest risks.
Опис
Ключові слова
онкологічна захворюваність, геопросторовий аналіз, суспільно-географічні аспекти, Одеський регіон, злоякісні новоутворення, екологічні чинники, атмосферне забруднення, якість питної води, агрохімічне навантаження, медична інфраструктура, громадське здоров’я, медична географія, cancer incidence, geospatial analysis, socio-geographical aspects, Odesa region, malignant neoplasms, environmental factors, atmospheric pollution, drinking water quality, agrochemical load, medical infrastructure, public health, medical geography
Бібліографічний опис
Пархоменко О. Г. Геопросторовий аналіз онкологічної захворюваності населення Одеського регіону. Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. 2025. Т. 30, вип. 2(47). С. 229–240.
УДК
911.3