Сфера охорони здоров’я в Одесі на початку ХХ століття: пропозиції міських голів
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Дата
2019
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті розглянуто пропозиції міських голів в сфері охорони здоров’я для відновлення повної картини історії міського самоврядування
початку ХХ століття через очільників Одеси. Діяльність медичних та
рекреаційних закладів, якість обслуговування населення та санітарно-епідеміологічний стан були важливими питаннями на розгляді думи
та відповідних комісій. Херсонське губернське земство було одним із
найкращих в плані забезпечення медичних послуг та подолання епідемій,
які вже на наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття мали вже місцевий характер – чума, холера, тиф, дифтерит тощо.
Автор зазначає, пропозиції очільників міського самоврядування теж
зіграли важливу роль у поліпшені загального стану міста, відкритті
нових закладів, дослідженні сироваток та запобіганні збільшення кількості хворих, що і було відзначено на загальнодержавному рівні.
In the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth centuries the medical sector in the field was generally concentrated in the hands of zemstvo and municipal government agencies, more or less, tried to make informed decisions, with the assistance of the zemstvo. The main idea of the article is the suggestion of city mayors in the field of health care to restore a complete picture of the history of urban self-government at the beginning of the twentieth century through the city mayors of Odessa. Kherson Zemstvo was one of the best in terms of providing medical services and overcoming epidemics that already had a local character at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries - plague, cholera, typhus, diphtheria, etc. The activities of medical and recreational facilities, the quality of service of the population and the sanitary and epidemiological situation were important issues for consideration by the Duma and the relevant commissions. In the periods of epidemic swings, city mayors at the level of the public and sponsors made advisable proposals to prevent the spread, eradication of pathogens and reduce the number of patients among the population. Also, at the beginning of the twentieth century, they talked about the protection of labor during the production process, which was a tremendously necessary application for favorable working conditions. The author notes that the proposals of the heads of the city government also played an important role in improving the general condition of the city, opening new facilities, studying serums and preventing an increase in the number of patients, which was noted at the national level. The beginning of the twentieth century brought about significant changes in the life of the population of Odessa. The mayors, using all their capabilities, as representatives of the authorities, caretakers, patrons and educated people, tried to make a «new life» in the South of Ukraine. Pavlo Zelenyi and Nikolai Moiseyev were the most active city mayors in the field of health care. During the time of the Zelenyi’s direction were made the first mention of resolutions on labor protection at agricultural enterprises and measures to combat plague. During the time of the Moiseyev’s direction were made the productive activity of the Bacteriological Station, the proposal to establish the Institute of Whey, achievement of high indicators of the results of the fight against epidemics. Issues of sanitary-epidemiological nature did not yield to the importance of socio-economic issues, since they were closely linked and influenced each other.
In the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth centuries the medical sector in the field was generally concentrated in the hands of zemstvo and municipal government agencies, more or less, tried to make informed decisions, with the assistance of the zemstvo. The main idea of the article is the suggestion of city mayors in the field of health care to restore a complete picture of the history of urban self-government at the beginning of the twentieth century through the city mayors of Odessa. Kherson Zemstvo was one of the best in terms of providing medical services and overcoming epidemics that already had a local character at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries - plague, cholera, typhus, diphtheria, etc. The activities of medical and recreational facilities, the quality of service of the population and the sanitary and epidemiological situation were important issues for consideration by the Duma and the relevant commissions. In the periods of epidemic swings, city mayors at the level of the public and sponsors made advisable proposals to prevent the spread, eradication of pathogens and reduce the number of patients among the population. Also, at the beginning of the twentieth century, they talked about the protection of labor during the production process, which was a tremendously necessary application for favorable working conditions. The author notes that the proposals of the heads of the city government also played an important role in improving the general condition of the city, opening new facilities, studying serums and preventing an increase in the number of patients, which was noted at the national level. The beginning of the twentieth century brought about significant changes in the life of the population of Odessa. The mayors, using all their capabilities, as representatives of the authorities, caretakers, patrons and educated people, tried to make a «new life» in the South of Ukraine. Pavlo Zelenyi and Nikolai Moiseyev were the most active city mayors in the field of health care. During the time of the Zelenyi’s direction were made the first mention of resolutions on labor protection at agricultural enterprises and measures to combat plague. During the time of the Moiseyev’s direction were made the productive activity of the Bacteriological Station, the proposal to establish the Institute of Whey, achievement of high indicators of the results of the fight against epidemics. Issues of sanitary-epidemiological nature did not yield to the importance of socio-economic issues, since they were closely linked and influenced each other.
Опис
Ключові слова
міські голови, пропозиції, санітарний стан, епідемії, охорона здоров’я, city mayors, proposals, sanitary condition, epidemics, health care
Бібліографічний опис
Записки історичного факультету = Записки исторического факультета