Геопросторові диспропорції міграційного приросту між сільськими та міськими поселеннями
Альтернативна назва
Geospatial disproportions of migration growth between rural and urban settlements
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Дата
2025
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті проведено комплексне суспільно географічне дослідження геопросторових диспропорцій міграційного приросту між міськими і сільськими поселеннями України в умовах сучасних демографічних та соціально-економічних трансформацій. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади аналізу міграційних процесів із використанням системно просторового, геодемографічного підходів, що дозволило всебічно оцінити характер територіальної нерівномірності. Досліджено динаміку міграційного приросту у 2010–2024 роках та визначено ключові фактори, які формують посилення диференціації між міськими та сільськими територіями. Виявлено, що урбанізовані території характеризуються переважно позитивним або нейтральним балансом переміщень, тоді як сільські поселення зазнають стійкого відтоку населення та мають підвищену демографічну вразливість.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Migration growth (MP) is a basic integral indicator that characterizes the difference between the number of arrivals and departures within a certain territory for a certain period. In demographic and socio-geographical studies, MP is considered as a key indicator of the intensity of territorial mobility, which reflects the overall level of development of the region and its socio-economic attractiveness. The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate and analyze geospatial imbalances of migration growth between rural and urban settlements of Ukraine, with an emphasis on regional differences and features of the Odesa region. Data and Methods. The study was based on a set of statistical, informational and analytical sources reflecting the dynamics and nature of migration processes in urban and rural settlements of Ukraine in the period between 2010 and 2024. Official statistical data of the state statistics service of Ukraine on migration growth, population size, gender and age structure and spatial distribution of migration flows were used. The methodological base of the study is based on a combination of socio-geographical, geodemographic, statistical, and graphical methods, which provided a multi-level interpretation of migration processes. Results. During 2010–2013, internal mobility of the population remained relatively stable, and the leading direction of external migration was labor migration to the European Union countries. After 2014, under the influence of the beginning of the military conflict in eastern Ukraine, large-scale flows of IDPs were formed, which significantly changed the territorial distribution of the population. The period between 2015 and 2021 was characterized by a gradual strengthening of urbanization trends and the growing role of large cities as centers of attraction for internal migration. Kiev, Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Dnipro maintained the status of the main hubs of population inflow, while a significant part of rural areas had a stable negative migration balance. After 2022, migration processes became extremely acute. Large-scale population displacement has led to radical changes in the demographic structure of the country. In Ukraine, the model of spatial polarization is being strengthened. Urban growth hubs are concentrated around multifunctional cities that have a developed labor market, transport and logistics advantages, educational opportunities, and a relatively high level of social infrastructure. On the other hand, peripheral rural areas are characterized by a systemic demographic crisis and deepening socio-economic marginalization. The most significant migration imbalances are recorded in rural areas of the central, southern and northeastern regions, where intensive population outflow forms zones of demographic depopulation. In areas with a lower-than-average population density, there is an increased sensitivity to structural transformations. In these types of territories, the loss of labor resources creates a multiplier negative effect for the development of local communities. The greatest imbalances are observed in the central part of Ukraine, where the outflow of population from rural settlements is systemic and long-term. In the southern regions, migration dynamics depend on the influence of portside cities, which are important centers of economic attraction. In the North and East, the demographic vulnerability of rural settlements that have been significantly affected by military operations is increasing. The identified spatial differences indicate the presence of deep structural asymmetry within the region. Cities as centers of socio-economic attraction retain the ability to attract mobile groups of the population and remain hotbeds of demographic stability. Rural areas, on the contrary, continue to experience systemic decline, which is compounded by uneven social infrastructure and limited access to the labor market. Overcoming such imbalances requires a strategic combination of infrastructure modernization, increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas and developing effective models for managing the spatial development of communities.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Migration growth (MP) is a basic integral indicator that characterizes the difference between the number of arrivals and departures within a certain territory for a certain period. In demographic and socio-geographical studies, MP is considered as a key indicator of the intensity of territorial mobility, which reflects the overall level of development of the region and its socio-economic attractiveness. The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate and analyze geospatial imbalances of migration growth between rural and urban settlements of Ukraine, with an emphasis on regional differences and features of the Odesa region. Data and Methods. The study was based on a set of statistical, informational and analytical sources reflecting the dynamics and nature of migration processes in urban and rural settlements of Ukraine in the period between 2010 and 2024. Official statistical data of the state statistics service of Ukraine on migration growth, population size, gender and age structure and spatial distribution of migration flows were used. The methodological base of the study is based on a combination of socio-geographical, geodemographic, statistical, and graphical methods, which provided a multi-level interpretation of migration processes. Results. During 2010–2013, internal mobility of the population remained relatively stable, and the leading direction of external migration was labor migration to the European Union countries. After 2014, under the influence of the beginning of the military conflict in eastern Ukraine, large-scale flows of IDPs were formed, which significantly changed the territorial distribution of the population. The period between 2015 and 2021 was characterized by a gradual strengthening of urbanization trends and the growing role of large cities as centers of attraction for internal migration. Kiev, Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Dnipro maintained the status of the main hubs of population inflow, while a significant part of rural areas had a stable negative migration balance. After 2022, migration processes became extremely acute. Large-scale population displacement has led to radical changes in the demographic structure of the country. In Ukraine, the model of spatial polarization is being strengthened. Urban growth hubs are concentrated around multifunctional cities that have a developed labor market, transport and logistics advantages, educational opportunities, and a relatively high level of social infrastructure. On the other hand, peripheral rural areas are characterized by a systemic demographic crisis and deepening socio-economic marginalization. The most significant migration imbalances are recorded in rural areas of the central, southern and northeastern regions, where intensive population outflow forms zones of demographic depopulation. In areas with a lower-than-average population density, there is an increased sensitivity to structural transformations. In these types of territories, the loss of labor resources creates a multiplier negative effect for the development of local communities. The greatest imbalances are observed in the central part of Ukraine, where the outflow of population from rural settlements is systemic and long-term. In the southern regions, migration dynamics depend on the influence of portside cities, which are important centers of economic attraction. In the North and East, the demographic vulnerability of rural settlements that have been significantly affected by military operations is increasing. The identified spatial differences indicate the presence of deep structural asymmetry within the region. Cities as centers of socio-economic attraction retain the ability to attract mobile groups of the population and remain hotbeds of demographic stability. Rural areas, on the contrary, continue to experience systemic decline, which is compounded by uneven social infrastructure and limited access to the labor market. Overcoming such imbalances requires a strategic combination of infrastructure modernization, increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas and developing effective models for managing the spatial development of communities.
Опис
Ключові слова
міграційні процеси, суспільно-географічний аналіз, міські та сільські поселення, геопросторові диспропорції, Україна, трудова міграція, регіональна диференціація, демографічна стійкість, Одеська область, migration processes, socio-geographical analysis, urban and rural settlements, geospatial imbalances, Ukraine, labor migration, regional differentiation, demographic stability, Odesa region
Бібліографічний опис
Геопросторові диспропорції міграційного приросту між сільськими та міськими поселеннями / З. В. Приходько, В. А. Сич, А. М. Шашеро, В. В. Безуглий, Н. Є. Нефедова. Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. 2025. Т. 30, вип. 2(47). С. 241–254.
УДК
911.3