Електронегативність та сила кислот і основ у водних розчинах

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dc.contributor.authorЗінченко, В. Ф.
dc.contributor.authorZinchenko, V. F.
dc.contributor.authorМенчук, Василь Васильович
dc.contributor.authorМенчук, Василий Васильевич
dc.contributor.authorMenchuk, Vasyl V.
dc.contributor.authorСадковська, Л. В.
dc.contributor.authorСадковская, Л. В.
dc.contributor.authorSadkovska, L. V.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-26T18:09:19Z
dc.date.available2022-06-26T18:09:19Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractЗапропоновано як параметр кислотності-основності оксидів та гідроксидів елементів величину електронегативності, розраховану з термохімічних даних. Встановлено характер впливу гідратації оксидів різного типу з перетворенням на гідроксиди на значення електронегативності. Виявлено наявність кореляції між величинами електронегативностей гідроксидів та відповідними константами дисоціації гідроксидів за кислотним та основним механізмами. Обґрунтовано поняття амфотерності за значенням електронегативності сполуки.uk_UA
dc.description.abstractСoncepts of acidity-basicity for systems of different types are considered. The application of the parameter of effective electronegativity for estimating the acidity is proposed, the value of which is calculated from the thermochemical data of acid-base reactions in the condensed state (liquid, solid). The basis is the value of electronegativity of SO3, which should be equal to 3.00. Its values are in the range of 2.0 ÷ 3.1 for acid oxides and 0.3 ÷ 1.6 for oxides of basic nature. A significant group consists of oxides of bifunctional nature (amphoteric oxides) whose electronegativity values are 1.7 ÷ 1.9. A characteristic feature of amphoteric oxides is the manifestation of two values of electronegativity, corresponding to acid and basic functions. It is shown that the behavior of water as a characteristic amphoteric oxide is similar. Some predominance of acidic properties of water over the basic ones is shown and the possible reason for such behavior is discussed. To take into account this phenomenon, a method of converting the electronegativity of water to its value for the oxide partner during hydration is proposed. The values of electronegativity of hydroxides of elements (acidic, basic and amphoteric) were carried out by averaging them for components on the principle of additivity, the correctness of which is confirmed by direct calculations for individual hydroxides. It is shown that in the formation of hydroxides of elements there is a convergence between the values of electronegativities of acidic and basic oxides, ie the reduction of the former and the growth of the latter. Instead, in the case of amphoteric hydroxides, no noticeable Сoncepts of acidity-basicity for systems of different types are considered. The application of the parameter of effective electronegativity for estimating the acidity is proposed, the value of which is calculated from the thermochemical data of acid-base reactions in the condensed state (liquid, solid). The basis is the value of electronegativity of SO3, which should be equal to 3.00. Its values are in the range of 2.0 ÷ 3.1 for acid oxides and 0.3 ÷ 1.6 for oxides of basic nature. A significant group consists of oxides of bifunctional nature (amphoteric oxides) whose electronegativity values are 1.7 ÷ 1.9. A characteristic feature of amphoteric oxides is the manifestation of two values of electronegativity, corresponding to acid and basic functions. It is shown that the behavior of water as a characteristic amphoteric oxide is similar. Some predominance of acidic properties of water over the basic ones is shown and the possible reason for such behavior is discussed. To take into account this phenomenon, a method of converting the electronegativity of water to its value for the oxide partner during hydration is proposed. The values of electronegativity of hydroxides of elements (acidic, basic and amphoteric) were carried out by averaging them for components on the principle of additivity, the correctness of which is confirmed by direct calculations for individual hydroxides. It is shown that in the formation of hydroxides of elements there is a convergence between the values of electronegativities of acidic and basic oxides, ie the reduction of the former and the growth of the latter. Instead, in the case of amphoteric hydroxides, no noticeable changes in electronegativities compared to the original oxides occur. There is a qualitative correlation between the electronegativity of the hydroxides of the elements and the acidity (basicity) constants of their aqueous solutions, which is a reflection of their strength. This allows predicting the strength of acids and bases based on the electronegativity of hydroxides.
dc.identifierУДК 543
dc.identifier.citationВісник Одеського національного університету = Odesa National University Herald
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2022.1(81).255831
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.onu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33237
dc.language.isoukuk_UA
dc.publisherОдеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечниковаuk_UA
dc.relation.ispartofseriesХімія; T.27, вип. 1(81)
dc.subjectамфотерністьuk_UA
dc.subjectелектронегативністьuk_UA
dc.subjectгідратаціяuk_UA
dc.subjectelectronegativityuk_UA
dc.subjectamphotericityuk_UA
dc.subjecthydrationuk_UA
dc.subjectconstants of acidity-basicituk_UA
dc.titleЕлектронегативність та сила кислот і основ у водних розчинахuk_UA
dc.title.alternativeElectronegativity and strength of acids and bases in aqueous solutionsuk_UA
dc.typeArticleuk_UA
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