Демографічна криза та міграційні процеси: взаємозв’язок та наслідки для соціально-економічного розвитку
Альтернативна назва
Demographic crisis and migration processes: interrelation and implications for socio-economic development
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Дата
2025
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
В умовах зростання глобальних викликів, демографічна криза набуває особливої актуальності. У високорозвинених державах спостерігається стрімке старіння населення та підвищення соціально-економічного тиску, тоді як у країнах, що розвиваються, демографічний потенціал використовується недостатньо ефективно. В такому випадку міграція може стати важливим інструментом для демографічної стабілізації. В Україні тенденція щодо скорочення та поступового старіння населення триває з 1990-х і значно загострилась з початком повномасштабного вторгнення у 2022 році. Масові переміщення створюють ризики для економіки та національної безпеки, у зв’язку з цим особливо важливо удосконалити державну міграційну політику. Дослідження статті спрямоване на комплексний аналіз демографічних та міграційних процесів, їх взаємозв’язок та вплив на соціально-економічний розвиток суспільства в умовах сучасних глобальних трансформацій.
Problem Statement and Purpose. In the face of growing global challenges, the demographic crisis is becoming particularly relevant. In highly developed countries, there is a rapid aging of the population and increasing socioeconomic pressure, while in developing countries, the demographic potential is not used effectively enough. In this case, migration can become an important tool for demographic stabilization. In Ukraine, the trend of population decline and gradual aging has been ongoing since the 1990s and has become much more acute with the start of the full-scale invasion in 2022. Massive displacements pose risks to the economy and national security, and it is therefore particularly important to improve state migration policy. The study of the article is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of demographic and migration processes, their interconnection and impact on the socio-economic development of society in the context of modern global transformations. Data & Methods. In the process of studying the relationship between the demographic crisis and migration processes, a documentary analysis of the legal framework and policy on migration processes in Ukraine was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted according to data from official sources, in particular: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Eurostat, the Permanent Delegation of Ukraine to UNESCO, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, the State Employment Service and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study included the following methods: empirical, modeling, scenario forecasting, comparative analysis and dialectical approach. Results. In the context of global challenges, the need for political and governance measures aimed at overcoming the demographic crisis and regulating migration flows is becoming particularly relevant. Unlike other countries that are gradually undergoing demographic change, Ukraine is experiencing it in a deep crisis. Under the pressure of military operations, the rate of population decline has increased, as well as the outflow abroad of its working population and younger generation. To confront these challenges, the government needs to focus special attention on modernizing its demographic and migration policy, in particular, by identifying new priority areas. Migration policy should be focused on developing effective measures to encourage the return of Ukrainians from abroad and the adaptation of internally displaced persons in host communities. In order to overcome the decline in natural population growth, migration growth should be actively attracted. A comprehensive long-term strategy for countering the demographic crisis and regulating migration flows should cover the economic, political, social and cultural spheres. Its implementation will not only help stabilize the population, but also prevent large-scale emigration of Ukrainians in the future.
Problem Statement and Purpose. In the face of growing global challenges, the demographic crisis is becoming particularly relevant. In highly developed countries, there is a rapid aging of the population and increasing socioeconomic pressure, while in developing countries, the demographic potential is not used effectively enough. In this case, migration can become an important tool for demographic stabilization. In Ukraine, the trend of population decline and gradual aging has been ongoing since the 1990s and has become much more acute with the start of the full-scale invasion in 2022. Massive displacements pose risks to the economy and national security, and it is therefore particularly important to improve state migration policy. The study of the article is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of demographic and migration processes, their interconnection and impact on the socio-economic development of society in the context of modern global transformations. Data & Methods. In the process of studying the relationship between the demographic crisis and migration processes, a documentary analysis of the legal framework and policy on migration processes in Ukraine was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted according to data from official sources, in particular: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Eurostat, the Permanent Delegation of Ukraine to UNESCO, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, the State Employment Service and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study included the following methods: empirical, modeling, scenario forecasting, comparative analysis and dialectical approach. Results. In the context of global challenges, the need for political and governance measures aimed at overcoming the demographic crisis and regulating migration flows is becoming particularly relevant. Unlike other countries that are gradually undergoing demographic change, Ukraine is experiencing it in a deep crisis. Under the pressure of military operations, the rate of population decline has increased, as well as the outflow abroad of its working population and younger generation. To confront these challenges, the government needs to focus special attention on modernizing its demographic and migration policy, in particular, by identifying new priority areas. Migration policy should be focused on developing effective measures to encourage the return of Ukrainians from abroad and the adaptation of internally displaced persons in host communities. In order to overcome the decline in natural population growth, migration growth should be actively attracted. A comprehensive long-term strategy for countering the demographic crisis and regulating migration flows should cover the economic, political, social and cultural spheres. Its implementation will not only help stabilize the population, but also prevent large-scale emigration of Ukrainians in the future.
Опис
Ключові слова
демографічна криза, демографічний перехід, міграція, вимушена міграція, внутрішньо переміщена особа, міграційні процеси, demographic crisis, demographic transition, migration, forced migration, internally displaced person, migration processes
Бібліографічний опис
Остра В. А. Демографічна криза та міграційні процеси: взаємозв’язок та наслідки для соціально-економічного розвитку / В. А. Остра, В. В. Яворська // Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. – 2025. – Т. 30, вип. 1(46). – С. 147–159.
УДК
911.3