Ґендерний стереотип фемінності в контексті ритуалів на різдвяні свята в українській традиційній культурі
Вантажиться...
Файли
Дата
2019
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
Відповідно до актуальних понять у межах лінгвістичної ґендерології – фемінна ґендерна поведінка і маскулінна – основна увага у статті приділяється проявам стереотипу фемінності у ритуальних магічних діях дівчат і жінок на різдвяні свята в Україні. Описані та проаналізовані символічні значення окремих предметів та магічних дій, які були обов’язковими напередодні Різдва. У представленій розвідці виділяються і пояснюються „нелогічності” у виконанні деяких магічних ритуалів, які у традиційній культурі вважаються суто жіночими, зокрема, долучення чоловіка до захисних магічних дій. Відмічається аксіологічний аспект у виконанні ритуалів на різдвяні свята, акцентується увага на елементах руйнації ґендерних стереотипів у наш час.
The dichotomy of male and female origins is one of the most fundamental and ancient. The interaction of the representatives of both sexes is initially regulated by society. Hence cultural, economic and political factors, which are formed in different historical periods, influence this process. Modern, impetuous changes in society are associated with the destruction of gender stereotypes and the emergence of concepts such as gender identity, queer (identification of marginalized sexual inclinations), etc. The purpose of the article is to describe the most important traditional duties of the Ukrainian woman-mistress on Christmas holidays, to analyze and explain the sacred or symbolic content of such ritual actions. At the beginning of the XXI century in many Ukrainian Christmas and New Year rituals there has already been a loss of a clear gender distribution of ritual duties. However, in the ritual actions of our ancestors, there were clear gender divisions: the woman took care of the microcosm of the family, was engaged in its symbolic renewal; she guarded the customs of the family. It was purely a woman's job to perform protective rituals: the hostess put garlic under a tablecloth on all four corners of the table, sanctified dinner with holy water before the family sat down at the table, and so on. In the Ukrainian traditional culture, a woman is the keeper of the hearth. At Christmas she “extracted a new fire”, prepared ritual dishes, baked holy ritual bread, and laid the table. Caroling on Christmas holidays reflects the ancient archetype of masculine origin as a positive, female – as a negative. However such gender stereotypes in the middle of the last century in various regions of Ukraine have already been almost ruined. The analysis of masculinity and femininity in the Ukrainian traditional culture in a ritual discourse in a broad sense, which include the rituals of calendar and family rites, and ceremonial songs that accompany almost all ritual actions will be prospective for future articles.
The dichotomy of male and female origins is one of the most fundamental and ancient. The interaction of the representatives of both sexes is initially regulated by society. Hence cultural, economic and political factors, which are formed in different historical periods, influence this process. Modern, impetuous changes in society are associated with the destruction of gender stereotypes and the emergence of concepts such as gender identity, queer (identification of marginalized sexual inclinations), etc. The purpose of the article is to describe the most important traditional duties of the Ukrainian woman-mistress on Christmas holidays, to analyze and explain the sacred or symbolic content of such ritual actions. At the beginning of the XXI century in many Ukrainian Christmas and New Year rituals there has already been a loss of a clear gender distribution of ritual duties. However, in the ritual actions of our ancestors, there were clear gender divisions: the woman took care of the microcosm of the family, was engaged in its symbolic renewal; she guarded the customs of the family. It was purely a woman's job to perform protective rituals: the hostess put garlic under a tablecloth on all four corners of the table, sanctified dinner with holy water before the family sat down at the table, and so on. In the Ukrainian traditional culture, a woman is the keeper of the hearth. At Christmas she “extracted a new fire”, prepared ritual dishes, baked holy ritual bread, and laid the table. Caroling on Christmas holidays reflects the ancient archetype of masculine origin as a positive, female – as a negative. However such gender stereotypes in the middle of the last century in various regions of Ukraine have already been almost ruined. The analysis of masculinity and femininity in the Ukrainian traditional culture in a ritual discourse in a broad sense, which include the rituals of calendar and family rites, and ceremonial songs that accompany almost all ritual actions will be prospective for future articles.
Опис
Ключові слова
ґендерний стереотип, фемінність, маскулінність, ритуал, Різдво, імітативна магія, gender stereotype, femininity, masculinity, ritual, Christmas, imitative magic
Бібліографічний опис
Слов’янський збірник