Еволюція чорноземів південних Дунай-Дністровської зрошувальної системи після припинення зрошення
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Дата
2024
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
В статті висвітлено актуальні проблеми постіригаційної трансформації чорноземів південних Дунай-Дністровської зрошувальної системи. Дано характеристику складових частин Дунай-Дністровської зрошувальної системи, динаміці якості води, яка використовувалась для зрошення, і наслідків впливу зрошення на якість ґрунтів та можливі перспективи відновлення ґрунтів.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Study of the Current State of Soils Withdrawn from Irrigation and with Reduced Intensity of Irrigated Agriculture Using Waters of Various Irrigation Quality, Assessment and Improvement of Their Agroecological Status, Protection and Further Use in Modern Agricultural Production Data & Methods. The data in this article are based on studies of the ionic composition of water extracts from chernozems, which are currently irrigated or were irrigated in previous years, the ionic composition of surface waters, and the dynamics of irrigation water quality indicators in the “Danube” canal. It also examines the general trend in the evolution of soil properties after the cessation of irrigation. Results. One of the designed irrigation systems is the Danube- Dniester Irrigation System, located in Ukrainian Bessarabia. The construction of the system began in 1975, and the separation of the Sasyk salt lagoon from the Black Sea was implemented by building a dam in 1978. The DDIS began operating in 1980. Analysis of the qualitative composition of irrigation water shows that the increase in water salinity in the Danube reservoirs in recent years leads to a decrease in their alkalinity, which can cause soil degradation. The water from the separated Sasyk reservoir, despite desalination with Danube water, remains of marine type with a salinity of about 1.5 g/dm³, which does not meet the quality requirements for irrigation. The general trend of deteriorating irrigation water quality is confirmed by the increase in salinity and changes in the chemistry of the waters in all studied areas of the system. The results of the studies confirm that the Danube river water remains of high irrigation quality, but the water in the Sasyk reservoir worsens in quality, posing a problem for irrigation. The issue of soil salinization and sodicity is relevant for the arid regions of southern Ukraine. The formation of the soil salinity regime in the Transdniestria region is characterized by desalinization under the influence of atmospheric moisture. Due to the cessation of irrigation of southern chernozems with water from the Sasyk reservoir for 10 years, slight salt accumulation was observed within the soil profile. Following this cessation, there was a significant decrease in crop production, a reduction in livestock production, and job losses. It is also noted that the cessation of irrigation has led to a gradual decrease in the groundwater level and a reduction in soil salinity. The problems arising from irrigation and its cessation in the Danube-D niester Irrigation System remain unresolved, and their consequences require further study and resolution. Understanding the evolution of soils will help avoid past mistakes and promote sustainable agricultural and economic development. It is also important to adhere to the principle of “do no harm” in the construction and operation of hydromelioration systems to avoid creating new problems in the future.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Study of the Current State of Soils Withdrawn from Irrigation and with Reduced Intensity of Irrigated Agriculture Using Waters of Various Irrigation Quality, Assessment and Improvement of Their Agroecological Status, Protection and Further Use in Modern Agricultural Production Data & Methods. The data in this article are based on studies of the ionic composition of water extracts from chernozems, which are currently irrigated or were irrigated in previous years, the ionic composition of surface waters, and the dynamics of irrigation water quality indicators in the “Danube” canal. It also examines the general trend in the evolution of soil properties after the cessation of irrigation. Results. One of the designed irrigation systems is the Danube- Dniester Irrigation System, located in Ukrainian Bessarabia. The construction of the system began in 1975, and the separation of the Sasyk salt lagoon from the Black Sea was implemented by building a dam in 1978. The DDIS began operating in 1980. Analysis of the qualitative composition of irrigation water shows that the increase in water salinity in the Danube reservoirs in recent years leads to a decrease in their alkalinity, which can cause soil degradation. The water from the separated Sasyk reservoir, despite desalination with Danube water, remains of marine type with a salinity of about 1.5 g/dm³, which does not meet the quality requirements for irrigation. The general trend of deteriorating irrigation water quality is confirmed by the increase in salinity and changes in the chemistry of the waters in all studied areas of the system. The results of the studies confirm that the Danube river water remains of high irrigation quality, but the water in the Sasyk reservoir worsens in quality, posing a problem for irrigation. The issue of soil salinization and sodicity is relevant for the arid regions of southern Ukraine. The formation of the soil salinity regime in the Transdniestria region is characterized by desalinization under the influence of atmospheric moisture. Due to the cessation of irrigation of southern chernozems with water from the Sasyk reservoir for 10 years, slight salt accumulation was observed within the soil profile. Following this cessation, there was a significant decrease in crop production, a reduction in livestock production, and job losses. It is also noted that the cessation of irrigation has led to a gradual decrease in the groundwater level and a reduction in soil salinity. The problems arising from irrigation and its cessation in the Danube-D niester Irrigation System remain unresolved, and their consequences require further study and resolution. Understanding the evolution of soils will help avoid past mistakes and promote sustainable agricultural and economic development. It is also important to adhere to the principle of “do no harm” in the construction and operation of hydromelioration systems to avoid creating new problems in the future.
Опис
Ключові слова
чорноземи, постіригаційний стан, Дунай-Дністровська зрошувальна система (ДДЗС), Задністер’я, засоленість, осолонцювання, chernozems, post-irrigation state, Danube-D niester Irrigation System (DDIS), Transdniestria, salinity, salinization
Бібліографічний опис
Тортик М. Й. Еволюція чорноземів південних Дунай-Дністровської зрошувальної системи після припинення зрошення / М. Й. Тортик, М. В. Адобовська, А. В. Алєксєєнко // Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. – 2024. – Т. 29, вип. 1(44). – С. 140–153.
УДК
631.445,4:631.67(477.74)