Сучасні зміни клімату Північно-Західного Причорномор’я
Альтернативна назва
Modern climate changes in the North-Western Black Sea Region
Дата
2025
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
Виконано оцінку змін стандартної кліматичної норми середньорічної температури приземного повітря і річних та сезонних атмосферних опадів у Північно-Західному Причорномор’ї, а також відповідність темпів сучасних змін клімату деяким зробленим раніше прогнозам. Використані дані спостережень на 16-ти довгострокових метеорологічних станціях, розташованих у межах Одеської та Миколаївської областей, а також у західній та центральній частинах Херсонської області.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Climate change is one of the most urgent scientific and applied problems, which is the subject of numerous studies both at the global and regional levels. A large number of publications have been devoted to climate change in Ukraine in recent decades. Unfortunately, the vast majority of publications consider the entire territory of the country and use observation data from only one to three meteorological stations to characterize climate change within the North-Western Black Sea Region. The aim of this study is to characterize current changes in the main climate elements in the North-Western Black Sea Region using observation data from a representative network of meteorological stations and to assess the compliance of current rates of climate change with previously made forecasts. Data and Methods. The assessment of climate change by its main elements – air temperature and precipitation – was carried out using meteorological observation data at 16 long-range meteorological stations scattered across the territory of Odesa and Mykolaiv regions and the central and western parts of Kherson region for the years 1961–2020. For reference stations (Izmail, Odesa, Liubashivka, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Askania-Nova), available observation data for the years 1900–2025 were used. Comparative geographical, graphical-analytical and statistical methods were used when performing the analysis and calculations. Results. During 1961–2020, in the North-Western Black Sea Region, according to data from all weather stations used, there was an increase in surface air temperature, which led to an increase in its standard climatic norm on average for the region by 1.1 °C, and for individual weather stations – by 0.8–1.3 °C. The increase in air temperature was observed throughout all seasons of the year. At the same time, the largest increase occurred in summer and spring, the smallest in autumn and winter, which led to a further increase in the uneven distribution of air temperature by season. The change in the standard climatic norm of precipitation within the region was not as unambiguous as the air temperature. On average, for 16 weather stations, the annual precipitation layer for 1991–2020 decreased compared to 1961–1990 by 9.7 mm or 2%. At the same time, the decrease in the average annual precipitation layer occurred only at 11 meteorological stations (by 0.4–14.0%), according to the data of the other five meteorological stations, the climatic precipitation rate increased (by 0.4–6.7%). The average amount of precipitation in winter, spring and summer decreased, respectively, by 13.2, 1.0 and 4.5%, and in autumn – increased by 12.7%.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Climate change is one of the most urgent scientific and applied problems, which is the subject of numerous studies both at the global and regional levels. A large number of publications have been devoted to climate change in Ukraine in recent decades. Unfortunately, the vast majority of publications consider the entire territory of the country and use observation data from only one to three meteorological stations to characterize climate change within the North-Western Black Sea Region. The aim of this study is to characterize current changes in the main climate elements in the North-Western Black Sea Region using observation data from a representative network of meteorological stations and to assess the compliance of current rates of climate change with previously made forecasts. Data and Methods. The assessment of climate change by its main elements – air temperature and precipitation – was carried out using meteorological observation data at 16 long-range meteorological stations scattered across the territory of Odesa and Mykolaiv regions and the central and western parts of Kherson region for the years 1961–2020. For reference stations (Izmail, Odesa, Liubashivka, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Askania-Nova), available observation data for the years 1900–2025 were used. Comparative geographical, graphical-analytical and statistical methods were used when performing the analysis and calculations. Results. During 1961–2020, in the North-Western Black Sea Region, according to data from all weather stations used, there was an increase in surface air temperature, which led to an increase in its standard climatic norm on average for the region by 1.1 °C, and for individual weather stations – by 0.8–1.3 °C. The increase in air temperature was observed throughout all seasons of the year. At the same time, the largest increase occurred in summer and spring, the smallest in autumn and winter, which led to a further increase in the uneven distribution of air temperature by season. The change in the standard climatic norm of precipitation within the region was not as unambiguous as the air temperature. On average, for 16 weather stations, the annual precipitation layer for 1991–2020 decreased compared to 1961–1990 by 9.7 mm or 2%. At the same time, the decrease in the average annual precipitation layer occurred only at 11 meteorological stations (by 0.4–14.0%), according to the data of the other five meteorological stations, the climatic precipitation rate increased (by 0.4–6.7%). The average amount of precipitation in winter, spring and summer decreased, respectively, by 13.2, 1.0 and 4.5%, and in autumn – increased by 12.7%.
Опис
Ключові слова
стандартна кліматична норма, приземна температура повітря, атмосферні опади, зміни клімату, Північно-Західне Причорномор’я, standard climate norm, surface air temperature, precipitation, climate change, North-Western Black Sea Region
Бібліографічний опис
Світличний О. О. Сучасні зміни клімату Північно-Західного Причорномор’я. Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. 2025. Т. 30, вип. 2(47). С. 36–49.
УДК
911.2:551.583