Репозитарій ОНУ імені І.І.Мечникова

Перегляд за Автор "Medinets, Sergiy V."

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Ambiemt NOx concentration above bare soil in southern Ukraine.
(2013-05) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Gashe, R.; Pitsyk, Vasyl Z.; Skiba, U. M.; Пицык, Василий Зиновьевич; Піцик, Василь Зіновійович
Determination of NOx level at surface atmosphere is timely and urgent task for agricultural regions worldwide and was our main target during this study.
Bacterioplankton of Water-Bodies in the Lower Dnister Basin
(Odessa: Pechatnyi Dom, 2011, 2011-06) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Kovalova, Nataliia V.
Bacterioplankton is among to the most important components of aquatic ecosystems as organic matter microbiological transformation is one of the main self-purification and natural water’s quality formation processes. Regional Centre for Integrated Monitoring and Ecological Studies, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, is carrying out field surveys in the Lower Dnister basin since 2003. One of activities during surveys is observation of bacterioplankton spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics its of number and biomass in all main water-bodies in the area: Kuchurganskiy Liman (estuary), Rivers Dnister and Turunchuk, lakes Beloye, Svinoye and Tudorovo, as well as the Dnistrovskiy Liman (estuary). Besides, there are three monitoring points in the Dnister and Turunchuk Rivers where observations of bacterioplankton quantitative characteristics are done all year round.
Cold season soil NO fluxes from a temperate forest: drivers and contribution to annual budgets
(2016) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Gasche, R.; Skiba, U. M.; Schindlbacher, A.; Kiese, R.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович
Soils, and here specifically acidic forest soils exposed to high rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, are a significant source for the secondary greenhouse gas nitric oxide (NO). However, as flux estimates are mainly based on measurements during the vegetation period, annualNOemissions budgets may hold uncertainty as cold season soilNOfluxes have rarely been quantified. Here we analyzed cold season soilNOfluxes and potential environmental drivers on the basis of the most extensive database on forest soilNOfluxes obtained at the Höglwald Forest, Germany, spanning the years 1994 to 2010. Onaverage, the cold season (daily average air temperature<3 °C) contributed to 22% of the annual soilNObudget, varying from 13% to 41% between individual cold seasons. Temperature was the main controlling factor of the cold seasonNOfluxes, whereas during freeze-thaw cycles soil moisture availability determinedNOemission rates. The importance of cold season soilNOfluxes for annual NOfluxes depended positively on the length of the cold season, but responded negatively to frost events. Snow cover did not significantly affect cold season soilNOfluxes. Cold seasonNOfluxes significantly correlated with cold season soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. During freeze-thaw periods strong positive correlations betweenNOandN2Ofluxes were observed, though stimulation ofNOfluxes by freeze-thaw was by far less pronounced as compared toN2O. Except for freeze-thaw periodsNOfluxes significantly exceeded those forN2Oduring the cold season period.Weconclude that in temperate forest ecosystems cold seasonNOemissions can contribute substantially to the annualNObudget and this contribution is significantly higher in years with long lasting but mild (less frost events) cold seasons.
Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems. Project final report
(NERC, ECLAIRE project, 2015) Sutton, Mark A.; Howard, Clare M.; Nemitz, Eiko; Arneth, Almut; Simpson, Dave; Mills, Gina; Wim de Vries; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Amann, Markus; Medinets, Sergiy V.
The central goal of ECLAIRE is to assess how climate change will alter the extent to which air pollutants threaten terrestrial ecosystems. Particular attention has been given to nitrogen compounds, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3), as well as Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) in relation to tropospheric ozone (O3) formation, including their interactions with aerosol components. ECLAIRE has combined a broad program of field and laboratory experimentation and modelling of pollution fluxes and ecosystem impacts, advancing both mechanistic understanding and providing support to European policy makers. The central finding of ECLAIRE is that future climate change is expected to worsen the threat of air pollutants on Europe’s ecosystems. Firstly, climate warming is expected to increase the emissions of many trace gases, such as agricultural NH3, the soil component of NOx emissions and key BVOCs. Experimental data and numerical models show how these effects will tend to increase atmospheric N deposition in future. By contrast, the net effect on tropospheric O3 is less clear. This is because parallel increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will offset the temperature-driven increase for some BVOCs, such as isoprene. By contrast, there is currently insufficient evidence to be confident that CO2 will offset anticipated climate increases in monoterpene emissions. Secondly, climate warming is found to be likely to increase the vulnerability of ecosystems towards air pollutant exposure or atmospheric deposition. Such effects may occur as a consequence of combined perturbation, as well as through specific interactions, such as between drought, O3, N and aerosol exposure. These combined effects of climate change are expected to offset part of the benefit of current emissions control policies. Unless decisive mitigation actions are taken, it is anticipated that ongoing climate warming will increase agricultural and other biogenic emissions, posing a challenge for national emissions ceilings and air quality objectives related to nitrogen and ozone pollution. The O3 effects will be further worsened if progress is not made to curb increases in methane (CH4) emissions in the northern hemisphere. Other key findings of ECLAIRE are that: 1) N deposition and O3 have adverse synergistic effects. Exposure to ambient O3 concentrations was shown to reduce the Nitrogen Use Efficiency of plants, both decreasing agricultural production and posing an increased risk of other forms of nitrogen pollution, such as nitrate leaching (NO3-) and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O); 2) within-canopy dynamics for volatile aerosol can increase dry deposition and shorten atmospheric lifetimes; 3) ambient aerosol levels reduce the ability of plants to conserve water under drought conditions; 4) low-resolution mapping studies tend to underestimate the extent of local critical loads exceedance; 5) new dose-response functions can be used to improve the assessment of costs, including estimation of the value of damage due to air pollution effects on ecosystems, 6) scenarios can be constructed that combine technical mitigation measures with dietary change options (reducing livestock products in food down to recommended levels for health criteria), with the balance between the two strategies being a matter for future societal discussion. ECLAIRE has supported the revision process for the National Emissions Ceilings Directive and will continue to deliver scientific underpinning into the future for the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution.
Engineering and Geodynamics Conditions of Economic Development and Construction on Landslide Slopes in Odesa Coast
(2020) Cherkez, Yevhen A.; Kozlova, Tetiana V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Soltys, Inna Ye.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Черкез, Євген Анатолійович; Черкез, Евгений Анатольевич; Козлова, Тетяна Віталіївна; Козлова, Татьяна Витальевна; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович; Медінець, Володимир Іванович; Мединец, Владимир Иванович; Солтис, Ірина Євгенівна; Солтыс, Ирина Евгеньевна
Purpose of the work has been to reveal spatial and temporal regularities of micro-block geodynamics to bring down engineering and construction risks on landslide slopes of Odesa coast. Methodology. The results of the slope landslide mapping (1953), geodetic monitoring (1966 – 1992) and instrumental measurements of deformations (2018) of constructive elements of an offtake drift in Odesa coast landslide protection works have been used as the source data. Data processing comprised determination of benchmarks’ movement and horizontal displacement, incline parameters of the offtake drift water-sink and deviation of the drift cross sectional diameters from the standard one. Results. It has been established that the drift could be divided into separate segments (blocks of rock massif), which experience rises, inclinations and differentiated movements. The deformations of the drift water-sink and constructive elements that have accumulated during service life are well pronounced. They have the form of zones of local creepage formed as the result of micro-blocks differentiated movements. Conclusions. The structural and geological basis of landslide processes is permanently active as the result of micro-blocks constant movements creating conditions for the slopes stability decrease. Optimal construction solutions should be tailored for current engineering geodynamics of landslide slopes.
Estimation of atmospheric input role for the Black Sea waters from Nitrogen balance perspective
(2014-01) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Kotohura, Svitlana S.; Gruzova, Iryna L.; Mileva, Alla P.; Soltys, Inna Ye.; Милева, Алла Петровна; Мілева, Алла Петрівна
Three main nutrient pollution sources, such as coastal, riverine and atmospheric, are known for the Black Sea ecosystem. Nitrogen (N) contamination plays most important role for ecosystem, since N is crucial element for any organism metabolism. It is known N excess could effect on water quality, ecosystem and biodiversity, leading to acidification, eutrophication and even hypoxia. It was shown that coastal zones of the Black Sea consider as a sink of N for open sea waters, where growth of phytoplankton is limited by N availability. Periodically eutrophication events occur on huge area of Black Sea, which associated with N load, but source and detailed scheme has not identified yet. The aim of this work is to develop balance scheme of N in the Black Sea ecosystem, determine and quantitatively assess the role of main N pollution sources with the description of contributor chemical forms, estimate main threats, propose the mitigation procedures. The peculiarities of Black Sea ecosystem has been considered to find special aspects of nutrients distribution and consumption. Assessments of atmospheric, riverine and coastal inputs have been performed. A dominant contribution of atmospheric input for open sea areas has been challenged and the main constituents have been characterized. Aerosol removing by dry deposition from atmosphere has been shown as a prevailing way for the Black sea open waters. Significant meaning of atmospheric organic pollutants, which are usually neglected, has been demonstrated and discussed. Relationships of eutrophication associated events with excessive atmospheric N loads episodes have been considered. Basic directions for mitigation of N harmful effect on the Black Sea ecosystem have been proposed.
Flux measurements of NOx in arable soil under dripping fertilization condition
(Budapest: Project ECLAIRE, 2014-10) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Gashe, R.; Skiba, U. M.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Медінець, Володимир Іванович; Мединец, Владимир Иванович; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович
The aim of this study is to discuss appropriate design of measurements, characterize magnitude of NOx exchange during the long-term measurements and identify the main controlling factors for agricultural land, located on southern chernozems (black soils) in the South of Ukraine.
Interconnections between the Danube River discharge, nutrients level and phytoplankton characteristics in the north-western part of the Black Sea (Zmiinyi Island area)
(2015) Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Dereziuk, Nataliia V.; Snigirov, Sergii M.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Konareva, Olga P.; Morozov, Vitalii M.; Медінець, Володимир Іванович; Мединец, Владимир Иванович; Снігірьов, Сергій Михайлович; Снигирев, Сергей Михайлович; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович; Конарева, Ольга Петрівна; Конарева, Ольга Петровна; Дерезюк, Наталя Володимирівна; Дерезюк, Наталья Владимировна; Ковальова, Наталя Володимирівна; Ковалева, Наталия Владимировна
The results of statistical analysis of the data for 2004-2014 on the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island located in the north-western Black Sea 40 km far from the Danube Delta have been presented and analysed. It has been shown that the state of phytoplankton community is mostly influenced by salinity, transparency and nitrate content, whose levels are formed under the influence of the Danube discharge.
Investigations of Atmospheric Wet and Dry Nutrient Deposition to Marine Surface in Western Part of the Black Sea
(2012) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.
The Black Sea ecosystem has three main sources of nutrient pollution: coastal, riverine and atmospheric inputs. Anthropogenically produced N transported to the coastal and open sea zones is closely connected with excess of nutrients supply that can result at acidification, eutrophication, excessive oxygen consumption and hypoxia. The aim of our work was to estimate the quantities and tendencies of atmospheric wet and dry depositions of nutrients (N and P) of different origin to the Zmiinyi Island surface during 2004 - 2010. Our study has confirmed previous findings that there was practically no N and P emission over the open sea and the main source of transportation (91-99% of NH4+, NO3- and PO43-) was atmospheric run-off from the continent. We have shown that aerosol removing over the sea occurs for the most part by means of dry deposition (40-80% of bulk deposition). We have assessed that in 2004 - 2010 average annual atmospheric bulk depositions of inorganic N and P made 694±45 kg N km-2 (in the form of NH4+, NO3- and NO2-) and 100±11 kg P km-2 (in the form of PO43-). Important direction was the study of organic N in bulk deposition, which exceeds mineral N part about 1.6 times.
Investigations of interconnections of physical-chemical and phytoplankton characteristics in the North-Western part of the Black Sea (Zmiinyi Island area)
(Одеський національний університет ім. І.І. Мечникова, 2015) Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Medinets, V.; Dereziuk, Nataliia V.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Morozov, V.; Kovalova, Ye.; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович
The aim of paper is estimation of interconnections of the Danube River runoff, physical-chemical and phytoplankton characteristics in the north-western part of the Black Sea on the example of the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters. Material for analysis comprised results of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of marine environment, photosynthetic pigments concentration and phytoplankton species composition, which have been measured every decade in one point of coastal waters of Zmiinyi island. The results of statistical analysis of the data for 2004-2014 on the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island located in the north-western Black Sea 40 km far from the Danube Delta have been considered and analysed in the article. It has been shown that the state of phytoplankton community characteristics is mostly influenced by salinity, transparency and nitrate content, whose levels are formed under the influence of the Danube water runoff. Analysis of phytoplankton community characteristics depending on three types of water masses has shown that the highest values of biomass and abundance, both in general for phytoplankton and for its separate taxonomic groups have been registered in water masses having salinity from 10 to 14‰ formed under the Danube runoff influence.
Investigations of nutrients level influence to the costal marine waters phytoplankton in the Black Sea North-Western part (Zmiinyi Island area)
(2014) Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Dereziuk, Nataliia V.; Gazyetov, Yevgen I.; Snigirov, Sergii M.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Konareva, Olga P.; Kotohura, Svitlana S.; Gruzova, Iryna L.; Mileva, Alla P.; Soltys, Inna Ye.; Мілева, Алла Петрівна; Милева, Алла Петровна
North-western part of the Black Sea (NWBS) is one of the areas where eutrophication not only brings down the quality of marine environment causing blooms of phytoplankton, but also causes hypoxia and mass mortalities of marine organisms. As it has been shown in our previous studies the quality of the NWBS marine waters is closely connected with nutrients levels. The aim of this work has been to estimate the changes, trends and influence of the main physical and chemical characteristics, especially the nutrients levels, to the phytoplankton biomass and number in the Zmiinyi Island area of the Black Sea in 2004-2012. Material for analysis comprised results of observations carried out during 2004-2012 in the Zmiinyi Island coastal waters by the staff of Marine Research Station "Zmiinyi Island" of Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University. Results of determination of physical (salinity), chemical (oxygen, nitrites, nitrates, ammonium, total nitrogen, phosphates, total phosphorus) and biological (chlorophyll, phytoplankton) characteristics of surface waters in 2004-2012 are presented. Changes and trends of these parameters in the Zmiinyi Island area have been analyzed. Correlation analyses of their interrelations have been presented. Cases of high chlorophyll and nutrients concentration levels in the coastal waters have been described and their reasons analyzed. The conclusion has been made that the main reason of Nutrients and Phytoplankton changes is the origin of marine water in the Zmiinyi Island area. At the same time maximal levels of Nutrients and Phytoplankton Biomass and Number have been registered during advection of the Danube waters to the Zmiinyi Island area.
Long-term changes of bacterioplankton and of chlorophyll “A” as indicators of north-western part of the black sea ecosystem changes in the last 30 years
(Black Sea Scene, 2008-10) Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Konareva, Olga P.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.
The changes of biological processes intensity in the north-western part of the Black Sea (NWBS) are reflected in the dynamics of important indicators of the marine environment state such as bacterioplankton and chlorophyll "a". The main goal of our investigations was the study of long-term changes of bacterioplankton and chlorophyll "a" in coastal and open parts of NWBS and in the marine area near the Zmiinyi Island. The task of investigations included detailed analysis of seasonal changes and processes of development of plankton community under current conditions as well.
Long-term Changes of Nutrients Concentrations of Surface Waters in the Zmiinyi Island Area
(2013-10) Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Gruzova, Iryna L.; Kotohura, Svitlana S.; Mileva, Alla P.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Snigirov, Sergii M.; Konareva, Olga P.; Милева, Алла Петровна; Мілева, Алла Петрівна
The aim of this work is to analyse the changes and to estimate the trends of main nutrients concentrations such as nitrates (NO3), ammonium (NH4), nitrites (NO2), total nitrogen (Nt) , phosphates (PO4) and total phosphor (Pt) during 2004-2012 in the Zmiinyi Island area of the Black Sea. As the source material sets of the studied characteristics of marine waters sampled and analysed by the Research Station “Zmiinyi Island” of Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University in 2004-2012 were used.
LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation
(2019) Angelstam, P.; Manton, M.; Elbakidze, M.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Bretagnolle, V.; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович
Context Place-based transdisciplinary research involves multiple academic disciplines and non-academic actors. Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) platform is one concept with * 80 initiatives globally. Objectives As an exercise in learning through evaluation we audited (1) the siting, construction and maintenance of individual LTSER platforms, and (2) them as a distributed infrastructure for place-based transdisciplinary research with focus on the European continent. Methods First, we defined a normative model for ideal performance at both platform and network levels. Second, four surveys were sent out to the 67 selfreported LTSER platforms officially listed at the end of 2016. Third, with a focus on the network level, we analyzed the spatial distribution of both long-term ecological monitoring sites within LTSER platforms, and LTSER platforms across the European continent. Fourth, narrative biographies of 18 platforms in different stages of development were analyzed. Results While the siting of LTSER platforms represented biogeographical regions well, variations in land use history and democratic governance were not well represented. Platform construction was based on 2.1ecological monitoring sites, with 72% ecosystem and 28% social system research. Maintenance of a platform required three to five staff members, focused mostly on ecosystem research, was based mainly on national funding, and had 1–2 years of future funding secured. Networking with other landscape approach concepts was common. Conclusions Individually, and as a network, LTSER platforms have good potential for transdisciplinary knowledge production and learning about sustainability challenges. To improve the range of variation of Pan-European social–ecological systems we encourage interfacing with other landscape approach concepts.
LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation
(2018) Angelstam, Per; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Медінець, Сергій Володимирович; Мединец, Сергей Владимирович
Place-based transdisciplinary research involves multiple academic disciplines and non-academic actors. Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) platform is one concept with ~ 80 initiatives globally. Objectives As an exercise in learning through evaluation we audited (1) the siting, construction and maintenance of individual LTSER platforms, and (2) them as a distributed infrastructure for place-based transdisciplinary research with focus on the European continent. Methods First, we defined a normative model for ideal performance at both platform and network levels. Second, four surveys were sent out to the 67 self-reported LTSER platforms officially listed at the end of 2016. Third, with a focus on the network level, we analyzed the spatial distribution of both long-term ecological monitoring sites within LTSER platforms, and LTSER platforms across the European continent. Fourth, narrative biographies of 18 platforms in different stages of development were analyzed. Results While the siting of LTSER platforms represented biogeographical regions well, variations in land use history and democratic governance were not well represented. Platform construction was based on 2.1 ecological monitoring sites, with 72% ecosystem and 28% social system research. Maintenance of a platform required three to five staff members, focused mostly on ecosystem research, was based mainly on national funding, and had 1–2 years of future funding secured. Networking with other landscape approach concepts was common. Conclusions Individually, and as a network, LTSER platforms have good potential for transdisciplinary knowledge production and learning about sustainability challenges. To improve the range of variation of Pan-European social–ecological systems we encourage interfacing with other landscape approach concepts.
Nitrogen Problem for the Black Sea Ecosystem
(Black Sea Scene, 2013-10) Medinets, Sergiy V.
The aim of the report presented was development of a comprehensive scheme of balance and biogeochemical N cycling for the Black Sea: discussion of exchange of N, its main sources/sinks and the processes involved: identify weak under-studied points and uncertainties, to which the Black Sea countries’ research community should pay attention and focus its efforts immediately.
Nitrous oxide emissions from European agriculture – an analysis of variability and drivers of emissions from field experiments
(Biogeosciences, 2013) Rees, R. M.; Augustin, J.; Alberti, G.; Ball, B. C.; Boeckx, P.; Cantarel, A.; Castaldi, S.; Chirinda, N.; Chojnicki, B.; Giebels, M.; Gordon, H.; Grosz, B.; Horvath, L.; Juszczak, R.; Klemedtsson, Kasimir A.; Klemedtsson, L.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Machon, A.; Mapanda, F.; Nyamangara, J.; Olesen, J. E.; Reay, D. S.; Sanchez, L.; Sanz Cobena, A.; Smith, K. A.; Sowerby, A.; Sommer, M.; Soussana, J. F.; Stenberg, M.; Topp, C. F. E.; Cleemput, O. van; Vallejo, A.; Watson, C. A.; Wuta, M.
Nitrous oxide emissions from a network of agricultural experiments in Europe were used to explore the relative importance of site and management controls of emissions. At each site, a selection of management interventions were compared within replicated experimental designs in plot-based experiments. Arable experiments were conducted at Beano in Italy, El Encin in Spain, Foulum in Denmark, Log°arden in Sweden, Maulde in Belgium, Paulinenaue in Germany, and Tulloch in the UK. Grassland experiments were conducted at Crichton, Nafferton and Peaknaze in the UK, G.od.oll.o in Hungary, Rzecin in Poland, Zarnekow in Germany and Theix in France. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured at each site over a period of at least two years using static chambers. Emissions varied widely between sites and as a result of manipulation treatments. Average site emissions (throughout the study period) varied between 0.04 and 21.21 kgN2O-N ha−1 yr−1, with the largest fluxes and variability associated with the grassland sites. Total nitrogen addition was found to be the single most important determinant of emissions, accounting for 15% of the variance (using linear regression) in the data from the arable sites (p <0.0001), and 77% in the grassland sites. The annual emissions from arable sites were significantly greater than those that would be predicted by IPCC default emission factors. Variability of N2O emissions within sites that occurred as a result of manipulation treatments was greater than that resulting from site-to-site and year-to-year variation, highlighting the importance of management interventions in contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation.
Nitrous oxide emissions from European agriculture; an analysis of variability and drivers of emissions from field experiments
(2012) Rees, R. M.; Augustin, J.; Alberti, G.; Ball, B. C.; Boeckx, P.; Cantarel, A.; Castaldi, S.; Chirinda, N.; Chojnicki, B.; Giebels, M.; Gordon, H.; Grosz, B.; Horvath, L.; Juszczak, R.; Klemedtsson, Kasimir A.; Klemedtsson, L.; Medinets, Sergiy V.; Machon, A.; Mapanda, F.; Nyamangara, J.; Olesen, J. E.; Reay, D. S.; Sanchez, L.; Sanz Cobena, A.; Smith, K. A.; Sowerby, A.; Sommer, M.; Soussana, J. F.; Stenberg, M.; Topp, C. F. E.; Cleemput, O. van; Vallejo, A.; Watson, C. A.; Wuta, M.
Nitrous oxide emissions from a network of agricultural experiments in Europe and Zimbabwe ere used to explore the relative importance of site and management controls f emissions. At each site, a selection of management interventions were compared within replicated experimental designs in plot based experiments. Arable experiments ere conducted at Beano in Italy, El Encin in Spain, Foulum in Denmark, Log°arden n Sweden, Maulde in Belgium, Paulinenaue in Germany, Harare in Zimbabwe and ulloch in the UK. Grassland experiments were conducted at Crichton, Nafferton and eaknaze in the UK, G.od. oll .o in Hungary, Rzecin in Poland, Zarnekow in Germany and 0 Theix in France. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured at each site over a period of t least two years using static chambers. Emissions varied widely between sites and s a result of manipulation treatments. Average site emissions (throughout the study eriod) varied between 0.04 and 21.21 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1, with the largest fluxes and ariability associated with the grassland sites. Total nitrogen addition was found to be 5 the single most important determinant of emissions, accounting for 15% of the variance using linear regression) in the data from the arable sites (p < 0.0001), and 77% n the grassland sites. The annual emissions from arable sites were significantly greater han those that would be predicted by IPCC default emission factors. Variability in N2O ithin sites that occurred as a result of manipulation treatments was greater than that 0 resulting from site to site and year to year variation, highlighting the importance of anagement interventions in contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation.
NO/NO2 fluxes measurement experience in arable land in Dniester catchment.
(2013-05) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Gashe, R.; Pitsyk, Vasyl Z.; Skiba, U. M.; Пицык, Василий Зиновьевич; Піцик, Василь Зіновійович
Flux measurement time episode (19.09-05.10.2012) was presented in this study to demonstrate possibility of system, an importance and complexity of exchange evaluation of NOx fluxes. Measurement period on field site has started from rather high emission rate, following perturbation of surface top layer of soil, with gradual reduction of emission probably due to declining microbial activity.
Nutrients excess in the Dniester delta
(Харківський національний університет імені В.Н. Каразіна, 2018) Medinets, Sergiy V.; Kovalova, Nataliia V.; Medinets, Volodymyr I.; Gruzova, Iryna L.
In this report we presented our fieldwork results for 2010-2013, discussed the significance of riverine and atmospheric inputs as nutrient pollution sources effecting on the Dniester estuary ecosystem and propose recommendations and further actions to do. It was shown that riverine run-offs of TN and TP to the Dniester estuary and the Black Sea depended on the intensity and dynamics of water mass discharge and on average made 36.6±25.7 Gg N y-1 and 1.3±0.3 Gg Р y-1 in 2010-2013. On average TON made 48.2±13.8% of TN and TOP made 38.2±9.1% of TP emphasizing a large importance of organic constituents, which could be considered as an important source of eutrophication acting with a time delay. We suggested that most of the nutrients (ca. 90%) came to the river upstream from the sampling sites. It was found that agricultural sites regularly obtained more deposited inorganic N and P, as well as TN and TP, than natural areas obviously due to local N pollution sources related to management activity. We demonstrated that average contribution of TON to TN was more or less constant (67-71%) between sites but TOP to TP varied in a factor of 2.0 (range: 19.5-40.5%). Imbalance of nutrient N:P ratio to N side (1.75-fold) in riverine water and to P side (1.28-fold) in atmospheric deposition according to the Redfield [9] was highlighted for the studied ecosystem. One can conclude that significance of organic N contribution to TN in fluvial run-off and atmospheric deposition is crucial and further investigations, as well as long-term monitoring, are urgently needed. This study illustrates that identification and quantification of the main point sources throughout the river flow and quantitative estimation of diffuse sources within the basin, as well as transparent monitoring including water bodies and terrestrial areas especially in “shadow” (not transboundary) areas, is sharply required. The big task is to pay attention and explain to stakeholders (e.g. farmers, businessmen, fishermen etc) how the implementation of good management practices improving the efficacy of nutrients use at a farm/ enterprise scale can be a real win-win strategy on the one hand saving considerable own funds (economic benefit) and on the other hand positively contributing to the Dniester ecosystem (environmental benefit) leading to the well-meaning consequences for future generations (invaluable benefit). Also, a high priority direction for the removal of excess nutrients from the river ecosystem is the sustainable management of natural, as well as constructed, wetlands, i.e. scheduled vegetation cutting for various purposes (e.g. pellets, sovereign goods, utilization as a green fertilizer).

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