Особенности симбиотических отношений некоторых орхидей с грибами-микоризо-образователями
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2017
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Анотація
Проведены исследования анатомо-морфологических, симбиотических и аллелопатических особенностей четырех представителей семейства Orchidaceae Juss.,относящихся к группе геофитов флоры Крыма: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo, Epipactis persica (Soo) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo. Использовались биохимические, физиологические, микроскопические методы исследования и методы статистического анализа. В результате проведенных исследований выявлены особенности локализации эндомикотрофного компонента, динамика симбиотических и аллелопатических отношений в различные стадии онтогенеза, влияние эдафических факторов на степень микотрофности. Установлено, что у корневищных видов орхидей степень микотрофности ниже, чем у корнеклубневых. Динамика симбиотических отношений меняется по фазам онтогенеза. Частота встречаемости микоризной инфекции уменьшается от ювенильной к генеративной стадии у исследованных видов. С увеличением степени микотрофности возрастает количество семязачатков и семян в коробочке. С помощью качественных гистохимических реакций установлено, что динамика аллелопатических взаимодействий обусловлена накоплением лигнина, пектина и фенольных соединений в тканях первичной коры корневища орхидей. При изучении гормонального комплекса грибов, ассоциированных с орхидными, выявлена способность выделять во внешнюю среду ауксины и цитокинины, что открывает возможность воздействия микроорганизмов на общий гормональный баланс растений, стимулируя дополнительное корнеобразование орхидей, а также влиять на прорастание их семян. Определено, что репродуктивная стратегия исследуемых видов орхидей определяется степенью взаимодействия с грибом-микоризообразователем, особенностями условий произрастания и характером опыления изучаемых видов.
Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo, Epipactis persica (Soo) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.
Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo, Epipactis persica (Soo) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.
Опис
Ключові слова
Orchidaceae, симбиоз, микориза, микотрофность, mycorhiza, symbiosis, mycotrophy
Бібліографічний опис
Живые и биокосные системы