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Документ A REFINED MODEL OF SEDIMENTATION ON THE NORTHWESTERN BLACK SEA SHELF IN LATE NEOEUXINE AND HOLOCENE.(Rosselkhozakademiya Printing House, 2007) Konikov, Yevhenii G.The primary goal of the research presented in this paper is to understand the periodicity of sedimentation processes on the northwest shelf and to construct a mathematical model, as well as a detailed reconstruction of sea-level changes in the Black Sea in Late Neoeuxine and Holocene. In our publications devoted to this problem (Konikov 2007; Konikov et al . 2007), it has been proven that to resolve this problem with success, the measurements of physical and mechanical properties of bottom sediments, as well as chemical composition and salinity of pore waters, can be used.Документ Ancient landslide (Olbia) on the right (west) shore of Dnieper-Bugsky liman(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Kravchuk, Anna O.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe ancient city of Olbia is situated on the paleo-slope of a landslide.The Upper City sits on the plateau,with absolute elevations of 38-42 m (Fig. 8).The Lower City is on the upper landslide terrace,which is 40-85 m wide and has an elevation of 6.5-12.5 m.The surface of the plateau,slope,and terrace are covered by diluvium and cultural layers totaling on average 4-6 m in thickness.Part of the Lower City and the port are currently submerged beneath waters of Bugsky Liman and are located on the lower landslide terrace.Документ Baymouth barrier of Dniestrovsky liman (DLBB)(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Kravchuk, Anna O.The baymouth barrier varies in width from 1 km, where it is attached to the east side of the mainland coast, to 70-100 m.A natural inlet,called Tsaregradsky Girlo,occurs in the western part of the barrier,where it acts as a connection between the liman and the sea.The surface of the barrier consists of sandy beach and dune deposits.The absolute elevation of the barrier ranges from 0.5 to 4.5 m. At present,its natural landscape is altered by extensive development.Numerous boreholes reveal deposits of Middle-Late Pleistocene and Holocene age (Fig. 29).The erosional downcutting of the Dniester River valley penetrated 74 m of Neogene deposits. Thickness of the Middle-Late Pleistocene alluvium averages 20-30 m. The Late Pleistocene alluvium (Antsky horizon) corresponds to one of the stages of the Neoeuxinian regression.Based on radiocarbon dating,the age of the alluvium is 17,050 yrs BP (borehole #221).Higher on the outcrop, on the reworked surface of the Neoeuxinian alluvium (-20 to -30 m),lies a layer of the transgressive series of the Neoeuxinian basin. It is 1-2 m thick and consists of organic liman clays with large amounts of plant fragments and peat horizons. The radiocarbon age of these deposits is 9,500 yrs BP.This point marks the beginning of the formation of the modern liman and the mouth of the Dniester River.Документ Baymouth barrier of Tiligul liman (TLBB)(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe Tilgulsky Liman (known as Deliogolsky Liman before the XVII century CE), which covers an area of -14 km2 and is more than 4 km wide, is located on the border between Odessa and Nikolaev Regions. To the north, the baymouth barrier abuts the Odessa- Nikolaev highway.The mainland shores of the liman form the western and eastern boundaries of the barrier (Fig. 40,42).Its surface is covered by salt-rich soils (solonchak and solonets),solonchak meadows, and partially by steppe xerophyte areas. Large seaward portions of the barrier have been developed for resort complexes, recreation facilities,and motels.The erosional depth of Tiligul River at the mouth of the modern liman reaches approximately 38 m.Документ CLIMATE, RIVER DISCHARGE AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD OF INSTRUMENTAL OBSERVATIONS(Rosselkhozakademiya Printing House, 2007) Lykhodedova, Olha H.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.In actuality, the study of the dynamics of Black Sea level has implications for the development of the coastal zone, as well as economic and ecologic issues. The longest period of instrumental observations of sea-level (Odessa) spans 140 years (beginning in 1876). The majority of investigators hols a view of eustatic character of Black Sea level changes during the period of interest (Fomicheva 1986; Altman 1990). A significant role is attributed to the discharge of freshwater (fluvial, atmospheric precipitation) into the Black Sea. The leading role in this influx is the fluvial water discharge in the northwestern part of the basin - Danube, Dnieper, and Dniester (approximately 85% of the total discharge).Документ Cold seeps and mud volcanoes of the Black Sea region: tectonics, lithology, geophysics, and biogeochemistry(S.n., 2008) Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Іноземцев, Ю. І.; Паришев, О. О.; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Педан, Галина Сергіївна; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Шнюков, Евгений Федорович; Иноземцев, Ю. И.; Парышев, A. А.; Коников, Евгений Георгиевич; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Педан, Галина Сергеевна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна; Inozemtsev, Yu.; Paryshev, A.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Shniukov, Yevhen F.Mud volcanoes at the bottom of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov have been studied for more than 20 years. The priority in investigating mud volcanoes belongs to a group of researchers under the guidance of one of the authors, E. Shnyukov. Data on their lithological structure, gSochemistry of deposits, water chemistry, and thermal condition of the deposits are available in many publications (Konyukhov et al., 1990; Shnyukov et al., 2003; Shnyukov and Kobolev, 2004; Stadnitskaya and Belen'kaya, 2000; and others).Документ Geological Introduction(Astroprint, 2006) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Коников, Евгений ГеоргиевичThe Black Sea is one of the world's largest marginal seas, possessing a maximum water depth of 2250 m and an area over 420,000 km2 (Fig. 1a).The Black Sea links Europe with Southwestern Asia, while its water is the product of Eurasian rivers and rainfall mixing with immigrant Mediterranean saline flowing in through the Bosphorus.Due to its semi-isolation from the World Ocean,the Black Sea tends to amplify environmental changes,and thus its detailed and sensitive paleoclimatic record has become a focus of oceanographic research.It is also the world's largest anoxic basin,enabling sophisticated studies of marine oxygen depletion and the exploration of ancient shipwrecks preserved in near pristine condition.On the west,the Black Sea is connected to the Sea of Marmara through the relatively shallow Bosphorus Strait(average water depth 35.8 m).On the east,it lies adjacent to the Caspian Sea.Today,the Black Sea is isolated from the Caspian Sea,but geological and paleontological traces of periodic connections between the basins, most likely via the Manych-Azov-Kerch spillway have been clearly documented (Fedorov, 1978, 1982; Popov, 1983; Yanko, 1990; Chepalyga, 2003, 2006).These periodic re-connections were produced largely by climate change and sea-level fluctuations, leading to drastic modifications in basin morphology, salinity,biota,sedimentary and geochemical systems,as well as human settlement.Документ Geological-lithological structure of limans as a key to decoding Late Neoeuxinian and Holocene history of the Black Sea(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe Black Sea (Prichernomorian) limans are unique geographical and geological features. The study of the geological structure of liman deposits can aid in unraveling some of the pages of the geological history of the Black Sea basin during Late Neoeuxinian and Holocene. The uniqueness of limans consists of the following: 1)the thickness of Neoeuxinian and Holocene deposits greatly exceeds their thickness on the shelf, continental slope,and the deep sea(where it reaches in the some cases 10-25 m);2) the lithological structure of deposits is rather diverse; based on lithological composition, the deposits are clearly stratified;3)the majjor faunal complexes range from freshwater up to stenohaline,and 4)limans belong to the first belt of avalanche sedimentation and represent a zone of a geochemical barrier.There is an extensive bibliography about various aspects of geology of the Black Sea limans (Shnyukov, 1984).The analysis of the literature and our data provide the basis for summarizing the paleogeography of limans and for reconstruction of sea-level changes of the Black Sea during Late Neoeuxinian and Holocene.Документ Kuyalnitsky - Khadzhibeisky liman baymouth barrier (KKLBB(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe KKLBB consists of about 50 m of Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments that fill an erosive valley in Neogene sediments (Fig. 5).In the left part of the cross-section, core #387 recovered an erosive valley with a depth of 12.4 m below present sea level.This valley was formed during the Khadzhibeian regression and filled with clayey and silty muds (Gozhik,1984).Документ Lithology, biochemistry, and micropaleontology of mud volcanoes and high-intensity cold seeps on the bottom of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov(S.n., 2008) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Kravchuk, Anna O.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Kravtsov, V.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Коников, Евгений Георгиевич; Кравчук, Ганна Олегівна; Кравчук, Анна Олеговна; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Кравцов, В.; Ларченков, Євген Павлович; Ларченков, Евгений Павлович; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена ВалентиновнаThe Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University Team focused on the geological, gcochemical,mineralogical,and micropaleontological study of mud volcanoes and high intensity gas seeps in the northern Black Sea in order to assess their origin and possible influence on ecosystems, thus, contributing to HERMES WP1 and WP3.As a first step, compiling and integration of existing data (published and archival) obtained by previous projects was conducted by a variety of organizations.This enabled us to create a GIS-aided map of previous research,at least in the northwestern part of the Black SeaДокумент Modeling of centennial Black Sea level changes as a basis for forecasting(Astroprint, 2006) Lykhodedova, Olha H.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.The statistical parameters that characterize sea-level regime along the NW Black Sea have been calculated and analyzed.Monthly and yearly averages of sea level position for the 1876-2002 observation period (Odessa station) were used to study fluctuations in sea level.We performed spectral (Fourier Transform) and frequency-temporal (Wavelet) analyses of time domains, which characterize the level changes in the study region.The cross- correlation analysis of sea-level regime and water balance was also included in the study.We compared the low-frequency elements of water-level regime with factors that characterize climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere in the 20th century. Wavelet analysis provides wide possibilities for investigating time-domain periodicity. The basis of this method was generated in the mid 1980s by Grossman and Morle as an alternative to Fourier transform to be used for temporal/spatial domains with expressed heterogeneity. Wavelet transform divides the analyzed process into its constituent waves and components of various scales, and also provides time-specific process information.Документ The morphostructural analysis of the Northern Black Sea shelf(2010) Pedan, Halyna S.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe Northern Black Sea shelf is a subaerial plain and regional zone of the continental platform. It is a classic example of a transgression-regression shelf. During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, the shelf was flooded and drained repeatedly as the coastline migrated across its surface (Shcherbakov et al., 1976; Ivanov et al., 1982). According to Morgunov et al. (1981), the modern relief of the coastal part of the shelf is a zone of flooded valleys of late generationДокумент Parutino(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Chepalyga, A. L.The stratotype of the Bugsky horizon (Veklich, Sirenko, 1972)is located near the northern outskirts of Parutino and represents a natural outcrop on the erosional shore of Dniepero-Bugsky Liman. The slope reaches 17-20 min height.The stratigraphic section reveals the Upper Pleistocene loess-paleosol formations overlying Pliocene-Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine sediments (Fig. 6).It, in turn,is overlain by Dofinophinovskaya or Bryanskaya (Velichko, 1990)soil with a date of 26-30 ky BP.Документ Right (western) shore of Berezansky liman(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.The accumulative terrace is located on the eastern shore of Berazansky Liman at 1 km from the mouth (Fig.41).The terrace is 1.5-2.0 m in height and 30 m in width.Based on the trenches along the coastal bluff, the following deposits are described after Gozhik (1984):Section 1 (depth, m): 0.00-0.30 modern soil 0.30-1.15 brown-gray sandy mud, diluvial (sharp lower contact) 1.15-1.70 moderately sorted sand with large amounts of Cardium edule, Mytilus sp., and Hydrobia sp. shells (beach facies).The age of shells from this layer is 4500 14C yrs BP.Документ Sea-Level fluctuations in the Black and Caspian Seas and Global Climate Change(S.n., 2008) Lykhodedova, Olha H.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.The Earth's climate is an extremely difficult nonlinear system with numerous feedbacks, the dynamics of which are not obvious. Many publications contain inconsistent opinions concerning the causes of global warming. A central place in these discussions is occupied by the question of the anthropogenic factor as a principal cause of the greenhouse effect, which lies at the root of global warming. Some authors argue that anthropogenic influences are already acting as the dominant warming factor (Meleshko, 2007). Contrary to this opinion, the influence of greenhouse gases on climate change has not yet been proven (Yegorov, 2007; Datsenko and Monin, 2006; Boichenko and Voloschuk, 2006).Документ Series of accumulative terraces from Dneprovskoe village to Ochakov Cape(Astroprint, 2006) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Kravchuk, Anna O.Accumulative terraces (beach ridges) are located sporadically along the mainland shore over a distance of about 10 km.Their width ranges from 20-30 m to 300-500 m at the Adzhigol'skaya spit and Ochakov cape (Fig. 22).The geological structure of these terraces is essentially similar (Fig. 23). Near the cliff of the mainland coast, they have elevations 1.5-2.3 m above the liman level. Here, the sandy deposits of beach facies are covered by a layer of modern muddy diluvium averaging 0.3-0.7 m in thickness. Closer to the water line, the diluvium pinches out, and the upper unit consists of shellrich sandy deposits of the modern beach.Underlying the aforementioned sequence are moderately sorted sands with layers of shells and shell detritus.According to sediment cores, their thickness at the Adzhigol'skaya spit and Ochakov cape is 3.5-5.0 m and 10-11 m, respectively.Based on molluscan assemblages, the age of these deposits is Kalamitian- Dzhemetinian.The upper sequence of layers with typical Kalamitian molluscs is located at absolute elevations ranging from -5 to 0.2 m.The typical Kalamitian-Dzhemetinian waveformed(beach facies) deposits are underlain by muddy sands of Vityazevian ageДокумент The role of the liman-baymouth complexes in human settlement in the Eneolithic to Bronze Age(S.n., 2010) Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Ivanovo, S.; Vinogradova, E.; Kiosak, Dmytro V.; Govedarica, B.; Кіосак, Дмитро Володимирович; Киосак, Дмитрий ВладимировичThe northwestern part of the Black Sea is interesting for scientists not only because it is considered to be a "connecting-link" or a "contact area" between the two worlds—the Balkan farmers and the steppe cattle-farmers, or because it was the place where impulses from several centers of cultural genesis came together. It is also unique because of its geological structure: there are salt limans in the littoral area, in which, due to climatic factors, a natural process of salt crystallization occurs. And salt had an exchange value in many regions of the world.