Монографії НДІ Фізики

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Creation and application of precision three-dimensional holographic optical elements based on the "coreCaF2 – shell AgBr "
(2022) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
In this work, for the registration of three-dimensional transmission holograms at room temperature, we have proposed an emulsion containing a heterophase microsystem "core CaF2 – shell AgBr". Also considered are the proposed applications of holographic optical elements based on three-dimensional transmitting diffractive structures for solving students, graduatestudents,Forproblems.practicalsome researchers.
Foundations of higher mathematics. Part 1. Linear algebra and analytic geometry
(2018) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович
The modern level of development of a science results in that more and more specialties which had before the applied (technical) character are included in sphere of university education. First of all to such specialties we should refer specialties in the field of computer sciences. Features of training of students on these specialties at university generate a need of the accelerated studying of a course of higher mathematics, which has the volume coming nearer to the university course. Such challenge is issued by this text-book on higher mathematics issues which is intended for students of the universities specializing in the field of computer sciences. Here the reader will find many perfectly developed pages as the course of the general mathematics cannot be original work. The reason of it that a course carries out the first contact to new knowledge and it is intended for the persons finished the school education and having only principles of elementary mathematics knowledge. Feature of the given text-book is also the uniform methodical approach to a statement of the entire higher mathematics course, consisting that the basic mathematical concepts follow from the general concepts and from logic concepts with the following distribution of a material. The course is divided into five books. The book 1 contains some logic concepts, the elementary concepts concerning to sets and operations on them (union, intersection, difference, product), and also the basic mathematical concepts, namely: concept of function or mapping; concept of n – dimensional arithmetic space. The book 2 is dedicated to the linear algebra. From fundamental concept of mapping, concepts of internal and external laws of a composition are introduced. Conditions at which operations of these laws on a set trans-form them into groups, rings, fields and vector spaces are considered. It is investigated: a field of complex numbers; a ring of multinomials; vector space of multinomials; vector space of free vectors in geometrical space; vectors in n – dimension arithmetic space. Concepts of matrixes, determi-nants and system of the linear equations result from concepts of vector space and linear mapping of one vector space to another one. In the separate chapter it is considered reduction of matrixes by changing of basis to more simple form. Rather in detail, it is shown for reduction of the square matrix to the diagonal type, and the square-law form to the canonic type. The book 3 contains a number of concepts of analytical geometry required by the program: the equations of a straight line on the plane and in the space; the equations of a plane; curves and surfaces of the second order, the equation of curves and surfaces of the second order are reduced to the canonical type with use of square-law forms. These geometrical concepts act as the direct appendix of the book 2 or as transferring of results of this book on language of geometry as it is made in it for free vectors in geometrical space. The book 4 is dedicated to the mathematical analysis. Numerical functions of one and many real variables are considered. Concepts of limit and continuity are introduced for these functions. The book comes to an end with the statement of differential and integral calculus. In the book 5 the chapters are collected which are concerning to the concepts, having technical character at a level of the general mathematics course; these are differential equations and lines. The statement of a theoretical material is accompanied by the illustrative examples and the solutions of typical problems. With the purpose of reinforcement of educational material, here the exercises for independent work are offered.
Foundations of higher mathematics. Part 1. Linear algebra and analytic geometry
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2017) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
The modern level of development of a science results in that more and more specialties which had before the applied (technical) character are included in sphere of university education. First of all to such specialties we should refer specialties in the field of computer sciences. Features of training of students on these specialties at university generate a need of the accelerated studying of a course of higher mathematics, which has the volume coming nearer to the university course. Such challenge is issued by this text-book on higher mathematics issues which is intended for students of the universities specializing in the field of computer sciences. Here the reader will find many perfectly developed pages as the course of the general mathematics cannot be original work. The reason of it that a course carries out the first contact to new knowledge and it is intended for the persons finished the school education and having only principles of elementary mathematics knowledge. Feature of the given text-book is also the uniform methodical approach to a statement of the entire higher mathematics course, consisting that the basic mathematical concepts follow from the general concepts and from logic concepts with the following distribution of a material. The course is divided into five books. The book 1 contains some logic concepts, the elementary concepts concerning to sets and operations on them (union, intersection, difference, product), and also the basic mathematical concepts, namely: concept of function or mapping; concept of n – dimensional arithmetic space. The book 2 is dedicated to the linear algebra. From fundamental concept of mapping, concepts of internal and external laws of a composition are introduced. Conditions at which operations of these laws on a set transform them into groups, rings, fields and vector spaces are considered. It is investigated: a field of complex numbers; a ring of multinomials; vector space of multinomials; vector space of free vectors in geometrical space; vectors in n – dimension arithmetic space. Concepts of matrixes, determinants and system of the linear equations result from concepts of vector space and linear mapping of one vector space to another one. In the separate chapter it is considered reduction of matrixes by changing of basis to more simple form. Rather in detail, it is shown for reduction of the square matrix to the diagonal type, and the square-law form to the canonic type. The book 3 contains a number of concepts of analytical geometry required by the program: the equations of a straight line on the plane and in the space; the equations of a plane; curves and surfaces of the second order, the equation of curves and surfaces of the second order are reduced to the canonical type with use of square-law forms. These geometrical concepts act as the direct appendix of the book 2 or as transferring of results of this book on language of geometry as it is made in it for free vectors in geometrical space. The book 4 is dedicated to the mathematical analysis. Numerical functions of one and many real variables are considered. Concepts of limit and continuity are introduced for these functions. The book comes to an end with the statement of differential and integral calculus. In the book 5 the chapters are collected which are concerning to the concepts, having technical character at a level of the general mathematics course; these are differential equations and lines. The statement of a theoretical material is accompanied by the illustrative examples and the solutions of typical problems. With the purpose of reinforcement of educational material, here the exercises for independent work are offered.
Foundations of higher mathematics. Part 1. Linear algebra and analytical geometry
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2019) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
The modern level of development of a science results in that more and more specialties which had before the applied (technical) character are included in sphere of university education. First of all to such specialties we should refer specialties in the field of computer sciences. Features of training of students on these specialties at university generate a need of the accelerated studying of a course of higher mathematics, which has the volume coming nearer to the university course. Such challenge is issued by this text-book on higher mathematics issues which is intended for students of the universities specializing in the field of computer sciences. Here the reader will find many perfectly developed pages as the course of the general mathematics cannot be original work. The reason of it that a course carries out the first contact to new knowledge and it is intended for the persons finished the school education and having only principles of elementary mathematics knowledge. Feature of the given text-book is also the uniform methodical approach to a statement of the entire higher mathematics course, consisting that the basic mathematical concepts follow from the general concepts and from logic concepts with the following distribution of a material. The course is divided into five books. The book 1 contains some logic concepts, the elementary concepts concerning to sets and operations on them (union, intersection, difference, product), and also the basic mathematical concepts, namely: concept of function or mapping; concept of n – dimensional arithmetic space. The book 2 is dedicated to the linear algebra. From fundamental concept of mapping, concepts of internal and external laws of a composition are introduced. Conditions at which operations of these laws on a set transform them into groups, rings, fields and vector spaces are considered. It is investigated: a field of complex numbers; a ring of multinomials; vector space of multinomials; vector space of free vectors in geometrical space; vectors in n -dimension arithmetic space. Concepts of matrixes, determinants and system of the linear equations result from concepts of vector space and linear mapping of one vector space to another one. In the separate chapter it is considered reduction of matrixes by changing of basis to more simple form. Rather in tail, it is shown for reduction of the square matrix to the diagonal type, and the square-law form to the canonic type. The book 3 contains a number of concepts of analytical geometry required by the program: the equations of a straight line on the plane and in the space; the equations of a plane; curves and surfaces of the second order, the equation of curves and surfaces of the second order are reduced to the canonical type with use of square-law forms. These geometrical concepts act as the direct appendix of the book 2 or as transferring of results of this book on language of geometry as it is made in it for free vectors in geometrical space. The book 4 is dedicated to the mathematical analysis. Numerical functions of one and many real variables are considered. Concepts of limit and continuity are introduced for these functions. The book comes to an end with the statement of differential and integral calculus. In the book 5 the chapters are collected which are concerning to the concepts, having technical character at a level of the general mathematics course, these are differential equations and lines. The statement of a theoretical material is accompanied by the illustrative examples and the solutions of typical problems. With the purpose of reinforcement of educational material, here the exercises for independent work are offered.
Probability theory and mathematical statistics: a textbook
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2020) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
The surrounding nature and the society in which we live, there are various events, such as the rain, there was an accident, and others. In order for an event has occurred it must be preceded by a set of conditions. In practice, we are often faced with the events, conditions, the occurrence of which are determined by many factors. Most of these factors are not known to us, or they are random, which in principle can not be taken into account. Therefore, when the same starting conditions, these events may occur, and possibly no, i.e. their appearance is random. Probability theory is just committed to studying the properties of the mass of random events that can be repeated many times when playing a particular set of conditions. The main task of the theory of probability is a quantitative assessment of random factors on the possibility of any random event, regardless of its nature, ie, to quantify the probability of its implementation. Despite the random nature of the occurrence of events during numerous mass reproduction of these events revealed some patterns that allow you to predict the behavior of random events under certain specified conditions. The study of these patterns on the basis of weight of random events involved in mathematical statistics, which is based on probability theory and the main task of which is limited according to the data (sample) to restore a certain degree of reliability characteristics inherent in the general population, i.e. the entire set of data imaginable, describing the phenomenon under study, random nature. Over the last few decades of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics "spun off" branches of science such as the theory of stochastic processes, queuing theory, information theory, econometric modeling, and others. This process continues today. One of the most important areas of application of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics is the economy. It is difficult to imagine the study and forecasting of economic phenomena without the use of econometric modeling, regression analysis, trend and smoothing models and other methods based on probability theory and mathematical statistics. Statistical patterns inherent in a centrally controlled, decentralized and even more economy. The presence of these concepts firmly established in the economy as a reserve stock, spare capacity, state reserves, financial risks, etc., testifies to this.
Systems theory and systems analysis in economics
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2019) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
Systems theory and systems analysis ‒ methodology for the scientific study of any objects by presenting them as systems and analyzing these systems. Methodology Sciences is a system of principles and approaches of research activity on which a researcher (scientist) relies in the course of obtaining and developing of knowledge within a specific discipline: physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, economics, computer science and other branches of science. For the first time, the term “systems theory” was used by the biological theorist and philosopher Ludwig von Beratlanfi at a philosophical seminar in the late 1940s twentieth century. He owes his existence to a field of knowledge called the "general theory of systems." Aa 1948 the famous book by N. Wiener “Cybernetics” is published, which proclaims the unity of management principles in biological and technical systems, and later in socio-economic ones. This led to the emergence in the theory of systems of a scientific direction called "system analysis" - the most constructive of applied areas of system research. You can give this definition of system analysis. Modern systems analysis is an applied science aimed at identifying the causes of real difficulties encountered by the “owner of the problem” (organization, institution, enterprise, team), and the development of options for their elimination. The purpose of system analysis consists not only in understanding the functioning of the system - tasks of a higher level are the design, creation of the desired system and its management. The basis of systems analysis is a systems approach. Systems approach ‒ it is a methodology of scientific knowledge and practical activity, as well as an explanatory principle, which is based on the consideration of an object as a system.
Three-dimensional holographic optical elements based on new microsystems
(Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, 2023) Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.
The technology of creation of three-dimensional holographic optical elements with controlled characteristics on the basis of heterophase microsystem "CaF2 core – AgBr shell", alkaline halide crystals (AHC) and chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (CGS) is proposed. We also consider the applications of holographic optical elements based on three-dimensional transmitting diffraction structures for solving some practical problems. For students, graduate students, researchers.
Механизм повышения эффективности образования фотографического изображения = Mechanism of increase in efficiency of photographic image formation
(2020) Ахмеров, Александр Юрьевич; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
Фотографический процесс как способ регистрации оптической информации нашел самое широкое применение в различных областях человеческой деятельности, начинал от простого отображения окружающего мира до использования фотографических методов в науке и технике. При этом на всех этапах развития научной фотографии ее основной задачей являлось достижение максимальной чувствительности фотоматериалов. Причем, на ранних этапах развития фотографии повышение чувствительности фотоматериалов требовалось только из соображений уменьшения времени экспонирования. В современных условиях, например, при регистрации быстропротекающих процессов и фотографировании в условиях малой освещенности повышение чувствительности является одной из основных проблем фотографии, несмотря на то, что прогресс в улучшении свойств материалов налицо и чувствительность современных фотоматериалов увеличена в миллион раз по сравнению с дегерротипами.
Научно-исследовательский институт физики
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2015) Мандель, Владимир Ефимович; Тюрин, Александр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Александр Юрьевич; Жуков, Сергей Александрович; Алешин, Алексей Николаевич; Мандель, Володимир Юхимович; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Альошин, Олексій Миколайович; Mandel, Volodymyr Yu.; Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Aloshyn, Oleksii M.
Посвящается 150-летию Одесского национального университета имени И. И. Мечникова и освещает историю и деятельность одного из его старейших научных подразделений. Издание может представлять интерес для сотрудников университета, студентов, широкого круга читателей. Научно-исследовательский институт физики ОНУ имени И. И. Мечникова был основан в 1903 г. как Физический институт Императорского Новороссийского университета в сооружении, расположенном по улице Херсонской, 27 (ул. Пастера), построенном в конце XIX в. по проекту известного архитектора, академика Н. К. Толвинского на остаток средств от строительства медицинского факультета (Одесский национальный медицинский университет). С самого начала институт был тесно связан с учебным процессом и научные исследования проводились совместно с преподавателями-физиками университета. После завершения гражданской войны и ликвидации в 1920 г. университета Постановлениями ВУЦИК и СНК УССР от 30 апреля 1926 г. и 15 мая 1926 г. (приложение 1 к ст. 236) деятельность института была восстановлена [1, 2], утверждены штаты с бюджетным финансированием с 1 октября 1925 г. как Украинского НИИ физики в г. Одессе в системе Наркомпроса Украины как самостоятельной научной единицы. В 1932 г. институт был передан в Наркомат легкой промышленности (трест «Украинфильм») как Физико-технический институт кинематографии. Имея в то время ценное специальное оборудование, институт физики обслуживал ряд предприятий, разрабатывая актуальные для народного хозяйства проблемы. С 1933 г. при восстановлении деятельности Одесского государственного университета институт входит в его состав как отдельное структурное подразделение с правами юридического лица – Научно-исследовательский институт физики при ОГУ. После предоставления Указом Президента Украины от 11 сентября 2000 года № 1059/2000 университету статуса Национального и в соответствии с приказом ректора ОНУ от 04.12.2000 № 37-02 именуется как Научно-исследовательский институт физики при Одесском национальном университете имени И. И. Мечникова. Согласно приказу Министра образования и науки Украины от 24.05.2005 года № 308 деятельность Научно-исследовательского института физики при ОНУ как юридического лица была прекращена путем реорганизации института в структурное подразделение университета с сохранением его названия.
Розробка і застосування голографічних тривимірних елементів
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2022) Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.
У роботі запропонована технологія створення тривимірних голограмних оптичних елементів з керованими характеристиками на основі гетерофазної мікросистеми «ядро CaF2 – оболонка AgBr», лужногалоїдних кристалів (ЛГК) та халькогенідних скловидних напівпровідників (ХСН). Розглянуті також висунуті нами застосування голограмних оптичних елементів на основі тривимірних пропускаючих дифракційних структур для вирішення деяких практичних завдань. Для студентів, аспірантів, наукових працівників.
Создание, свойства и применение трехмерных голограммных оптических элементов на основе микросистем «ядро CaF2 – оболочка AgBr»
(2021) Тюрин, Александр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергей Александрович; Ахмеров, Александр Юрьевич; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.
В предлагаемой работе для регистрации трехмерных пропускающих голограмм при комнатной температуре нами предложена эмульсия, содержащая гетерофазную микросистему «ядро CaF2 ‒ оболочка AgBr». Рассмотрены также предлагаемые нами применения голограммных оптических элементов на основе трехмерных пропускающих дифракционных структур для решения некоторых практических задач. Для студентов, аспирантов, научных работников.
Створення, властивості і застосування тривимірних голограмних оптичних елементів
(Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2023) Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Жуков, Сергій Олександрович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович; Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Zhukov, Serhii O.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.
У роботі запропонована технологія створення тривимірних голограмних оптичних елементів з керованими характеристиками на основі гетерофазної мікросистеми «ядро CaF2 – оболонка AgBr», лужногалоїдних кристалів та халькогенідних скловидних напівпровідників. Для вирішення деяких практичних завдань нами, на основі тривимірних пропускаючих дифракційних структур, запропоновані застосування голограмних оптичних елементів. Для студентів, аспірантів, наукових працівників.

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