Принципи міжнародних комерційних договорів УШДРУА та lex mercatoria в контексті міжнародного приватного права
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2004
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E-ISSN
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.03 - цивільне право і цивільний процес; сімейне право; міжнародне приватне право. - Одеська національна юридична академія, Одеса, 2004.
В дисертації обґрунтовано вузьке розуміння lex mercatoria, як заснованої на практиці міжнародної торгівлі позанаціональної системи договірного зобов'язального права, що самовідтворюється міжнародним діловим співтовариством та покликана забезпечити задовільне регулювання міжнародного комерційного обороту через автономне або субсидіарне застосування. Проаналізовано зміст, ґрунтовні ідеї, іноземну практику застосування Принципів УНІДРУА; перспективи їх застосування в Україні в світлі нового ЦК України; доведено, що Принципи УНІДРУА є найважливішим, системоутворюючим елементом lex mercatoria. Обґрунтовується доцільність подальших досліджень lex mercatoria в контексті не тільки міжнародного, але й міжнародного приватного права.
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.03 - гражданское право и гражданский процесс; семейное право; международное частное право. - Одесская национальная юридическая академия, Одесса, 2004. В диссертации обосновано “узкое” понимание lex mercatoria как основанной на практике международной торговли вненациональной системы договорного обязательственного права, созданной международным деловым сообществом и призванной обеспечить удовлетворительное регулирование международного коммерческого оборота путем автономного или субсидиарного применения. Проанализированы содержание, основополагающие идеи, иностранная практика применения Принципов УНИДРУА; перспективы их применения в Украине в свете нового ГК Украины, доказано, что Принципы УНИДРУА являются важнейшим, системообразующим элементом lex mercatoria. Обосновывается целесообразность дальнейшего исследования leх mercatoria в контексте не только международного, но и международного частного права.
Thesis for obtaining the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences (Law), speciality 12.00.03 - civil law and civil procedure; family law; international private law. - Odessa National Academy of Law, Odessa, 2004. The possibility of a-national law existence is investigated and proved as being the cornerstone of admission of custom-based lex mercatoria in any reasonable sense. Such existence is obvious for one whose investigation is based upon multidimensional approach to studying of law. Author takes a narrow view to lex mercatoria and emphasize it's customary and non-statutory nature. Accordingly, author doesn't regard international conventions, uniform laws and other statutory law as a source of the lex mercatoria. Custom-based lex mercatoria is deemed as an element of law of international trade, which consists not only of customs but also of state or interstate origin rules (international conventions and national laws). So, the modern lex mercatoria is historically linked with medieval law merchant, it's just a contemporary “reissue” of the same sources created by international commercial community. The purpose of the lex mercatoria as a legal phenomena is to adapt the law of international trade to changing circumstances of up to date trade taking into account lack of the statutory laws of whether national or international origins. Lex mercatoria is a body of law distinct from any national legal order. The parties to a contract can validly choose lex mercatoria as the law governing their contract by including a choice of law clause referring to the lex mercatoria as the proper law of the contract. Arbitrator of international commercial arbitration is free to render award based only on the a-national rules of lex mercatoria with the 19 exception of the rules of any national legal system. Such award is really enforceable, it can be successfully appealed only on the procedural grounds, but not because of lex mercatoria has been deemed as a proper law of contract. Lex mercatoria can be applied not only strictly autonomously but also together with sources of law of different nature in such ways: lex mercatoria rules support lacking rules of national law or rules of international conventions; rules of national law or rules of international conventions support rules of lex mercatoria; lex mercatoria rules are used to interpret texts of international conventions; there can be additional references in arbitral awards and court decisions to the rules of lex mercatoria in order to confirm the applying of proper rule of national law, choiced among some possible rules and to demonstrate, that such solution has “international dimension”. Investigation of the UNIDROIT Principles black-letter rules and commentaries allowed to create new classification of underlying ideas of the UNIDROIT Principles including: such elementary principles as freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda, full compensation; such corrective principles as rebus sic stantibus and favor contractus; such cornerstone idea of UNIDROIT Principles as good faith and fair dealing principle. So, UNIDROIT Principles embodied all the underlying ideas of the lex mercatoria. Author proposes new classification of the functions of the UNIDROIT Principles also. In addition to the functions, fixed in the Preamble of Principles, author for the first time described such functions of the Principles UNIDROIT as: applying Principles by arbitrator as a proper law governing contract through the fiction of negative choice of the parties; using Principles by arbitrators and judges as a mean of legitimization of a court decision or an arbitral award rendered accordingly to national law in the matters of international trade; applying Principles by arbitrators as a mean of interpretation of a choice of law clauses. Being especially tailored to the needs of international commercial transactions UNIDROIT Principles embody in essence implied foundations of customary lex mercatoria. UNIDROIT Principles are regarded as a restatement of those underlying ideas that have enjoyed universal acceptance and, moreover, are at the heart of those most fundamental notions which have consistently been applied in arbitral practice. UNIDROIT Principles constitute a core of the new lex mercatoria, this document can really be considered as it's most important element. UNIDROIT Principles do counter the main objections against the lex mercatoria in that they are based on a legitimating thorough and appropriate methodology and in that they provide a concise and coherent system of legal rules. That is due to UNIDROIT Principles lex mercatoria provides a common frame of reference for negotiations between parties from different legal backgrounds.
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.03 - гражданское право и гражданский процесс; семейное право; международное частное право. - Одесская национальная юридическая академия, Одесса, 2004. В диссертации обосновано “узкое” понимание lex mercatoria как основанной на практике международной торговли вненациональной системы договорного обязательственного права, созданной международным деловым сообществом и призванной обеспечить удовлетворительное регулирование международного коммерческого оборота путем автономного или субсидиарного применения. Проанализированы содержание, основополагающие идеи, иностранная практика применения Принципов УНИДРУА; перспективы их применения в Украине в свете нового ГК Украины, доказано, что Принципы УНИДРУА являются важнейшим, системообразующим элементом lex mercatoria. Обосновывается целесообразность дальнейшего исследования leх mercatoria в контексте не только международного, но и международного частного права.
Thesis for obtaining the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences (Law), speciality 12.00.03 - civil law and civil procedure; family law; international private law. - Odessa National Academy of Law, Odessa, 2004. The possibility of a-national law existence is investigated and proved as being the cornerstone of admission of custom-based lex mercatoria in any reasonable sense. Such existence is obvious for one whose investigation is based upon multidimensional approach to studying of law. Author takes a narrow view to lex mercatoria and emphasize it's customary and non-statutory nature. Accordingly, author doesn't regard international conventions, uniform laws and other statutory law as a source of the lex mercatoria. Custom-based lex mercatoria is deemed as an element of law of international trade, which consists not only of customs but also of state or interstate origin rules (international conventions and national laws). So, the modern lex mercatoria is historically linked with medieval law merchant, it's just a contemporary “reissue” of the same sources created by international commercial community. The purpose of the lex mercatoria as a legal phenomena is to adapt the law of international trade to changing circumstances of up to date trade taking into account lack of the statutory laws of whether national or international origins. Lex mercatoria is a body of law distinct from any national legal order. The parties to a contract can validly choose lex mercatoria as the law governing their contract by including a choice of law clause referring to the lex mercatoria as the proper law of the contract. Arbitrator of international commercial arbitration is free to render award based only on the a-national rules of lex mercatoria with the 19 exception of the rules of any national legal system. Such award is really enforceable, it can be successfully appealed only on the procedural grounds, but not because of lex mercatoria has been deemed as a proper law of contract. Lex mercatoria can be applied not only strictly autonomously but also together with sources of law of different nature in such ways: lex mercatoria rules support lacking rules of national law or rules of international conventions; rules of national law or rules of international conventions support rules of lex mercatoria; lex mercatoria rules are used to interpret texts of international conventions; there can be additional references in arbitral awards and court decisions to the rules of lex mercatoria in order to confirm the applying of proper rule of national law, choiced among some possible rules and to demonstrate, that such solution has “international dimension”. Investigation of the UNIDROIT Principles black-letter rules and commentaries allowed to create new classification of underlying ideas of the UNIDROIT Principles including: such elementary principles as freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda, full compensation; such corrective principles as rebus sic stantibus and favor contractus; such cornerstone idea of UNIDROIT Principles as good faith and fair dealing principle. So, UNIDROIT Principles embodied all the underlying ideas of the lex mercatoria. Author proposes new classification of the functions of the UNIDROIT Principles also. In addition to the functions, fixed in the Preamble of Principles, author for the first time described such functions of the Principles UNIDROIT as: applying Principles by arbitrator as a proper law governing contract through the fiction of negative choice of the parties; using Principles by arbitrators and judges as a mean of legitimization of a court decision or an arbitral award rendered accordingly to national law in the matters of international trade; applying Principles by arbitrators as a mean of interpretation of a choice of law clauses. Being especially tailored to the needs of international commercial transactions UNIDROIT Principles embody in essence implied foundations of customary lex mercatoria. UNIDROIT Principles are regarded as a restatement of those underlying ideas that have enjoyed universal acceptance and, moreover, are at the heart of those most fundamental notions which have consistently been applied in arbitral practice. UNIDROIT Principles constitute a core of the new lex mercatoria, this document can really be considered as it's most important element. UNIDROIT Principles do counter the main objections against the lex mercatoria in that they are based on a legitimating thorough and appropriate methodology and in that they provide a concise and coherent system of legal rules. That is due to UNIDROIT Principles lex mercatoria provides a common frame of reference for negotiations between parties from different legal backgrounds.
Опис
Ключові слова
принципи УНІДРУА, lex mercatoria, позанаціональне право, ґрунтовні принципи договірного права, добросовісність, принципы УНИДРУА, вненациональное право, основополагающие принципы договорного права, добросовестность, Principles UNIDROIT, a-national law, underlying principles of the contract law, good faith and fair dealing
Бібліографічний опис
Смітюх А. В. Принципи міжнародних комерційних договорів УШДРУА та lex mercatoria в контексті міжнародного приватного права : автореф. … канд. юрид. наук: спец. 12.00.03 - цивільне право і цивільний процес; сімейне право; міжнародне приватне право. / А. В. Смітюх– Одеса, 2004. – 21 с.