Cell culture of testicular glands for testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone production
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2025
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Інститут проблем ендокринної патології ім. В. Я. Данилевського Національної академії медичних наук України
Анотація
Testicular cells are categorized into two main groups: germ cells and stromal cells. Germ cells, located within the seminiferous tubules, develop into sperm. Stromal cells, which include Sertoli and Leydig cells, support germ cell development and hormone production, respectively.
The testis consists of seminiferous tubules, which comprise the bulk of testicular mass and contains three types of cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, and interstitial space between these tubules containing the androgen-producing Leydig cells and other cell types.
Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division”, they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
Leydig cells represent a majority of testicular interstitial cells. They produce androgens for normal spermatogenesis and other androgen-target organs beyond the testis. Leydig cells also regulate testicular macrophage and lymphocyte numbers. For instance, testosterone is synthesized in Leydig cells in the adult testes. It showed that mouse fetal Leydig cells prepared from neonatal testes produce androstenedione, which thereafter is converted to testosterone by the cells within the seminiferous tubules. Testicular macrophages are the largest leukocyte population in the testis. Their environment is characterized by the seemingly contradictory needs for tolerance against the autoantigenic germ cells and the capacity to mount pro-inflammatory innate immune responses against invading pathogens.
Leydig cells are another type of interstitial cells, which are responsible for androgen biosynthesis (mostly testosterone and androstenedione), and consequently the regulation of secondary sex characteristics.
The Sertoli cells express functional receptors for FSH, whereas the Leydig cells express LH receptors. Thus, these two receptors are mutually exclusive. The LH-stimulated Leydig cell androgen production is essential for the development and maintenance of the male reproductive tract and spermatogenesis.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It's sometimes called the pregnancy hormone because of its unique role in supporting a pregnancy. HCG is found in your urine or blood around 10 to 11 days after conception (when a sperm fertilizes an egg). In men or adolescent boys, HCG helps the production of testosterone and sperm. HCG is also used in male children with cryptorchidism, a specific birth problem of the testes. Men also produce small amounts of hCG to synthesise progesterone and stimulate leydig cells in the testicles to produce testosterone. For this reason, hCG is relevant to men's health conditions such as hypogonadism (low testosterone) and sexual dysfunction.
Опис
Ключові слова
сell culture, chronic gonadotropin, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, continues epithelial cells
Бібліографічний опис
Bayraktar V. M. Cell culture of testicular glands for testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone production / V. M. Bayraktar // Українська школа ендокринології : матеріали наук.-практ. конф. (Харків, 5–6 черв. 2025 р.). – Харків : ДУ ІПЕП, 2025. – С. 16–19.