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Перегляд НДІ Фізики за Ключові слова "bases of theory of systems"

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    Systems theory and systems analysis in economics
    (Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2019) Tyurin, Oleksandr V.; Akhmerov, Oleksandr Yu.; Тюрін, Олександр Валентинович; Ахмеров, Олександр Юрійович
    Systems theory and systems analysis ‒ methodology for the scientific study of any objects by presenting them as systems and analyzing these systems. Methodology Sciences is a system of principles and approaches of research activity on which a researcher (scientist) relies in the course of obtaining and developing of knowledge within a specific discipline: physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, economics, computer science and other branches of science. For the first time, the term “systems theory” was used by the biological theorist and philosopher Ludwig von Beratlanfi at a philosophical seminar in the late 1940s twentieth century. He owes his existence to a field of knowledge called the "general theory of systems." Aa 1948 the famous book by N. Wiener “Cybernetics” is published, which proclaims the unity of management principles in biological and technical systems, and later in socio-economic ones. This led to the emergence in the theory of systems of a scientific direction called "system analysis" - the most constructive of applied areas of system research. You can give this definition of system analysis. Modern systems analysis is an applied science aimed at identifying the causes of real difficulties encountered by the “owner of the problem” (organization, institution, enterprise, team), and the development of options for their elimination. The purpose of system analysis consists not only in understanding the functioning of the system - tasks of a higher level are the design, creation of the desired system and its management. The basis of systems analysis is a systems approach. Systems approach ‒ it is a methodology of scientific knowledge and practical activity, as well as an explanatory principle, which is based on the consideration of an object as a system.