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Документ Optical vortex generation applied for sensing displacements and deformations(Астропринт, 2008) Bekshaiev, Oleksandr Yа.; Popov, Andrey; Karamoch, Aleksandr; Бекшаєв, Олександр Янович; Бекшаев, Александр ЯновичA usual way of producing light beams with optical vortices is grounded on the utilization of holographic gratings with embedded phase singularity (EPS). This EPS usually represents a topological defect of the grating structure: one or more "broken" or "branching" grooves that disturb a standard pattern of rectilinear or regularly bended grooves. In other words, such gratings contain one or more bifurcation points near which the grooves form a characteristic "fork" structure [1, 2]. An incident beam with smooth wavefront (e.g., Gaussian beam) diffracting at this structure produces in the non-zero diffraction orders beams with helical wavefront components described by factor exp(imɸ) where ɸ stands for the polar angle, m is an integer number.