Перегляд за Автор "Gilbert, Allan S."

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    Controversy over the great flood hypotheses in the Black Sea in light of geological, paleontological, and archaeological evidence
    (2007) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Gilbert, Allan S.; Dolukhanov, Pavel M.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Гілберт, Аллан. С.; Гилберт, Аллан. С.; Долуханов, Павел Маркович; Долуханов, Павло Маркович
    Legends describing a Great Flood are found in the narratives of several world religions, and the biblical account of Noah’s Flood is the surviving heir to several versions of the ancient Mesopotamian Flood Myth. Recently, the story of the biblical deluge was connected to the Black Sea, together with the suggestion that the story’s pre-Mesopotamian origins might be found in the Pontic basin [Ryan, W.B.F., Pitman, III, W.C., 1998. Noah’s Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries About the Event That Changed History. Simon and Schuster, New York]. Based on the significance of this flood epic in the Judeo-Christian tradition, popular interest surged following publication of the idea.
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    The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement
    (2007) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Gilbert, Allan S.; Panin, Nicolae; Dolukhanov, Pavel M.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Панин, Николае; Панін, Ніколае; Гілберт, Аллан. С.; Гилберт, Аллан. С.; Долуханов, Павел Маркович; Долуханов, Павло Маркович
    A lengthy book does not need a lengthy preface, so these opening words will convey only some essential matters, including the circumstances that led to the present publication, some of the background to the research it contains, and thanks to those who helped in the effort.to those who helped in the effort. The Black Sea is one of the largest marginal seas: as deep as 2250 m and over 420,000 km2 in area. Its coastline visits seven nations and links Europe with Southwestern Asia, while its water is the product of Eurasian rivers and rainfall mixing with immigrant Mediterranean saline flowing in through the Bosphorus. Due to its semi-isolation from the world ocean, the Black Sea tends to amplify environmental changes, and thus its detailed and sensitive paleoclimatic record has become a focus of oceanographic research. It is also the world’s largest anoxic basin, enabling sophisticated studies of marine oxygen depletion and the exploration of ancient shipwrecks preserved in near pristine condition.
  • Ескіз
    Документ
    Was the Black Sea Catastrophically Flooded during the Holocene? – geological evidence and archaeological impacts
    (2011) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Mudie, Peta; Gilbert, Allan S.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Муди, Петра Дж.; Муді, Петра Дж.; Гілберт, Аллан. С.; Гилберт, Аллан. С.
    Two hypothetical fl ood scenarios have been proposed for the Black Sea, describing events that may have profoundly aff ected prehistoric settlement in Eastern Europe and adjacent parts of Asia. Th e fi rst, a Late Pleistocene ‘Great Flood’ (Chepalyga 2003, 2007), suggests that the brackish Neoeuxinian Lake in the Black Sea basin was rapidly inundated by Caspian Sea overfl ow via the Manych Spillway shortly after the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), c. 17–14 ka BP. Th e second, an Early Holocene ‘Noah’s Flood’, proposes catastrophic infl ow of Mediterranean seawater to a Black Sea freshwater lake at either 7.2 ka BP (Ryan et al. 1997) or at 8.4 ka BP (Ryan et al. 2003) when an abrupt sea-level jump accompanied the Laurentide Ice Sheet collapse (Turney and Brown 2007). Th ese hypotheses claim that massive inundations of the Black Sea basin, and ensuing large-scale environmental changes, drastically impacted early societies in coastal areas, forming the basis for Great Flood legends and other folklore, and accelerating the spread of agriculture into Europe. We summarize the geological, palaeontological, palynological, and archaeological evidence for prehistoric lake conditions, vegetation, climate, water salinity, and sea-level change, as well as submerged prehistoric settlements, agricultural development, coastline migration, and hydrological regimes. Comprehensive analysis shows that the Late Glacial inundation in the Black Sea basin was more prolonged and intense than the Holocene one, but there is no underwater archaeological evidence to support any catastrophic submergence of prehistoric Black Sea settlements during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene intervals.