До питання про об’єкт географії, її предмет, мету та загальне значення у суспільстві
Альтернативна назва
On the question of the object of geography, its subject, purpose, and general significance in society
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Дата
2025
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2303-9914
E-ISSN
2415-315X
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
В статті розглядається питання про сучасний стан географії в Україні. Воно є актуальним і практично значущим. Мета роботи: розглянути і обговорити об’єкт географії, її мету, предмет та загальне значення в українському суспільстві. Для досягнення мети роботи вважаємо за доцільне вирішити такі завдання: 1 – формування сучасної географії в Україні, що в минулому відбувалося на основі всесвітнього досвіду; 2 – структура географії склалася як віддзеркалення гармонійної будови географічної оболонки; 3 – довготермінова стійкість сутності географії. Висловлені погляди про наукові співвідношення між географією та екологією. Робота є внеском у розвиток теорії фізичної географії та сприяє оптимальному природокористуванню.
Problem Statement and Purpose. This article examines the current state of geography in Ukraine, which appears to be negative. Therefore, the issue is relevant and of practical importance. The purpose of the study is to consider and discuss the object of geography, its goals, subject matter, and overall significance in Ukrainian society. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were set: (1) to analyze the formation of modern geography in Ukraine, which historically developed based on global experience; (2) to reveal the structure of geography as a reflection of the harmonious organization of the geographical envelope; (3) to assess the long-term stability of the essence of geography. The study also presents views on the scientific relationship between geography and ecology. The paper contributes to the development of physical geography theory and promotes rational and sustainable nature management. Data and Methods. The research is based on the fundamental laws of cognition and dialectics, reference and normative literature, and the main principles of philosophy and geography. The analysis of materials was conducted in accordance with the laws of transition from quantity to quality, the negation of negation, environmental unity, geographical locality, systematization, and hierarchy of geographical objects and processes. The study takes into account the scientific principles of cartography, geomorphology, climatology, hydrology, coastal studies, oceanology, mathematical geography, and other sectoral and interdisciplinary branches of geography. Consideration is also given to the influence of various geospheres on the state, structure, and properties of the Earth’s geographical envelope. Results and Discussion. Within modern European civilization, geography emerged in ancient times through the reasoning of natural philosophers to ensure access to natural resources and to establish a progressive worldview. The accumulation of geographical knowledge, population growth, the need for trade routes, and the increasing demand for material resources led to an explosive development of geography. Its gradual evolution resulted in the diversification of geographical disciplines with solid theoretical foundations, all interconnected by the general theory of geography. The classification of geography and Earth sciences as different disciplines within Ukraine’s education system is erroneous and harmful. It disrupts the principles of continuous geographical development that have existed for over 2,500 years. Such separation poses real threats to rational nature management, spatial awareness, and a healthy worldview of society and individuals. Geography studies the geographical envelope as the natural environment of human existence across countries and regions, incorporating all geospheres and exogenous sectors within a natural-anthropogenic systemic diversity resulting from long-term differentiation of each sector. This diversity necessitated hierarchical systematization based on the general theory of geography. The further development of this theory requires the establishment of up to thirty sectoral and interdisciplinary geographical sciences, harmonized through long evolutionary processes. Their number, purpose, and properties correspond to the structure of the geographical envelope. The totality of geographical research is based on the diversity of natural objects as components of the geographical envelope. This categorically excludes equating the geographical and landscape envelopes, since their nature is fundamentally different and predominantly exogenous. Therefore, the geographical envelope is divided into three main surface exogenous sectors: landscape, thalassogenic, and coastal-marine. Eleven hierarchical systems are defined for each, from the elementary to the most complex, corresponding to the number of separate geographical disciplines. For the first time, a theoretical scheme for the comparison and correlation of these hierarchical systems across different sectors of the geographical envelope is proposed, taking into account the influence of geospheres. According to the definitions of geography and the classification of “Earth sciences” by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, their division into separate academic disciplines is not only irrational but also detrimental. The illogical nature of this separation contradicts the long historical development of geography, the principles of the general theory of geography, the findings of science studies, and the universal laws and principles of natural sciences. Such contradictions are antagonistic and may lead to the rapid disintegration of the relationship between physical (“natural”) and socio-economic (“human”) geography, ultimately threatening the degradation of geography as a fundamental life-oriented and worldview-forming science.
Problem Statement and Purpose. This article examines the current state of geography in Ukraine, which appears to be negative. Therefore, the issue is relevant and of practical importance. The purpose of the study is to consider and discuss the object of geography, its goals, subject matter, and overall significance in Ukrainian society. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were set: (1) to analyze the formation of modern geography in Ukraine, which historically developed based on global experience; (2) to reveal the structure of geography as a reflection of the harmonious organization of the geographical envelope; (3) to assess the long-term stability of the essence of geography. The study also presents views on the scientific relationship between geography and ecology. The paper contributes to the development of physical geography theory and promotes rational and sustainable nature management. Data and Methods. The research is based on the fundamental laws of cognition and dialectics, reference and normative literature, and the main principles of philosophy and geography. The analysis of materials was conducted in accordance with the laws of transition from quantity to quality, the negation of negation, environmental unity, geographical locality, systematization, and hierarchy of geographical objects and processes. The study takes into account the scientific principles of cartography, geomorphology, climatology, hydrology, coastal studies, oceanology, mathematical geography, and other sectoral and interdisciplinary branches of geography. Consideration is also given to the influence of various geospheres on the state, structure, and properties of the Earth’s geographical envelope. Results and Discussion. Within modern European civilization, geography emerged in ancient times through the reasoning of natural philosophers to ensure access to natural resources and to establish a progressive worldview. The accumulation of geographical knowledge, population growth, the need for trade routes, and the increasing demand for material resources led to an explosive development of geography. Its gradual evolution resulted in the diversification of geographical disciplines with solid theoretical foundations, all interconnected by the general theory of geography. The classification of geography and Earth sciences as different disciplines within Ukraine’s education system is erroneous and harmful. It disrupts the principles of continuous geographical development that have existed for over 2,500 years. Such separation poses real threats to rational nature management, spatial awareness, and a healthy worldview of society and individuals. Geography studies the geographical envelope as the natural environment of human existence across countries and regions, incorporating all geospheres and exogenous sectors within a natural-anthropogenic systemic diversity resulting from long-term differentiation of each sector. This diversity necessitated hierarchical systematization based on the general theory of geography. The further development of this theory requires the establishment of up to thirty sectoral and interdisciplinary geographical sciences, harmonized through long evolutionary processes. Their number, purpose, and properties correspond to the structure of the geographical envelope. The totality of geographical research is based on the diversity of natural objects as components of the geographical envelope. This categorically excludes equating the geographical and landscape envelopes, since their nature is fundamentally different and predominantly exogenous. Therefore, the geographical envelope is divided into three main surface exogenous sectors: landscape, thalassogenic, and coastal-marine. Eleven hierarchical systems are defined for each, from the elementary to the most complex, corresponding to the number of separate geographical disciplines. For the first time, a theoretical scheme for the comparison and correlation of these hierarchical systems across different sectors of the geographical envelope is proposed, taking into account the influence of geospheres. According to the definitions of geography and the classification of “Earth sciences” by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, their division into separate academic disciplines is not only irrational but also detrimental. The illogical nature of this separation contradicts the long historical development of geography, the principles of the general theory of geography, the findings of science studies, and the universal laws and principles of natural sciences. Such contradictions are antagonistic and may lead to the rapid disintegration of the relationship between physical (“natural”) and socio-economic (“human”) geography, ultimately threatening the degradation of geography as a fundamental life-oriented and worldview-forming science.
Опис
Ключові слова
географія, геосфери, географічна оболонка, геосистеми, структура, фактори, раціональне природокористування, geography, geospheres, geographical envelope, geosystems, structure, factors, rational usage of natural resources
Бібліографічний опис
Шуйський Ю. Д. До питання про об’єкт географії, її предмет, мету та загальне значення у суспільстві. Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки. 2025. Т. 30, вип. 2(47). С. 50–64.
УДК
577.4:911.2