Міжнародно-правові аспекти експлуатації автономного морського судна: постановка питання
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Дата
2023
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
2411-2054
E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Анотація
Стаття присвячена дослідженню проблем визначення правового статусу судна у міжнародному морському праві в епоху новітніх технологічних викликів. На підставі аналізу положень міжнародних правових актів, найсучасніших напрацювань вчених, практикуючих фахівців, експертів міжнародних організацій виокремлюються правові проблеми, пов’язані із використанням новітніх технологій у галузі навігації та зв’язку на морі, із визначенням поняття автономних, у тому числі, безпілотних суден. У статті робиться висновок про необхідність адаптації норм міжнародного морського права до технологічної реальності та надаються власні пропозиції щодо їх вдосконалення.
The article discusses the international legal aspects related to the operation of maritime autonomous surface ships (hereinafter - MASS) that do not require the presence of a crew on board. It is highlighted that the current «maritime» conventions do not mention MASS as a category of sea vessels, however, some doctrines and soft law acts deal with the issues of international legal regulation of the operation of MASS. These sources are revealed in the article. Problematic issues related to the operation of MASS are considered, including the shipping safety, compliance with international shipping standards to avoid ship collisions, cyber security, the status of the person responsible for safety on board and environmental protection. Due to the introduction of MASS, it was taken note of the feasibility to improve the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) in terms of regulating the rules for the peaceful passage of MASS through the territorial sea. In addition, the need to eliminate legal conflicts with the International Convention on Salvage (1989) is stated, since the possibility of an autonomous vessel to perform rescue operations remains unclear. In summary, it is needed to develop mandatory international standards in order to regulate the operation of MASS, including requirements for the design of MASS, technical regulations, minimum requirements for MASS operators. It is proposed to extend the international legal status of the captain to the operator of the remote control center, however, excluding his responsibility for violations that occur directly on board the ship (e.g. fire safety, smuggling). It is advisable to entrust the responsibility for the proper technical condition of the ship’s mechanisms to the specialists who will carry out the maintenance of the autonomous ship. The remote control center should be considered like both the wheelhouse and the central control point of the engine room.
The article discusses the international legal aspects related to the operation of maritime autonomous surface ships (hereinafter - MASS) that do not require the presence of a crew on board. It is highlighted that the current «maritime» conventions do not mention MASS as a category of sea vessels, however, some doctrines and soft law acts deal with the issues of international legal regulation of the operation of MASS. These sources are revealed in the article. Problematic issues related to the operation of MASS are considered, including the shipping safety, compliance with international shipping standards to avoid ship collisions, cyber security, the status of the person responsible for safety on board and environmental protection. Due to the introduction of MASS, it was taken note of the feasibility to improve the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) in terms of regulating the rules for the peaceful passage of MASS through the territorial sea. In addition, the need to eliminate legal conflicts with the International Convention on Salvage (1989) is stated, since the possibility of an autonomous vessel to perform rescue operations remains unclear. In summary, it is needed to develop mandatory international standards in order to regulate the operation of MASS, including requirements for the design of MASS, technical regulations, minimum requirements for MASS operators. It is proposed to extend the international legal status of the captain to the operator of the remote control center, however, excluding his responsibility for violations that occur directly on board the ship (e.g. fire safety, smuggling). It is advisable to entrust the responsibility for the proper technical condition of the ship’s mechanisms to the specialists who will carry out the maintenance of the autonomous ship. The remote control center should be considered like both the wheelhouse and the central control point of the engine room.
Опис
Ключові слова
автономне судно, морське судно, морське право, міжнародні конвенції, правове регулювання, правовий статус судна, безпека судноплавства, maritime autonomous surface ship, sea vessel, maritime law, international conventions, legal regulation, legal status of the vessel, navigation safety
Бібліографічний опис
Веремчук В. С. Міжнародно-правові аспекти експлуатації автономного морського судна: постановка питання / В. С. Веремчук // Правова держава. – 2023. – Вип. 50. – С. 72–80.
ORCID:
УДК
347.791