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Документ Pleistocene water intrusions from the Mediterranean and Caspian Seas into the Black Sea: Reconstructions based on foraminifera(Astroprint, 2011) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Motnenko, Irena; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Мотненко, Ірена; Мотненко, ИрэнаThe study of water intrusions into the Black Sea(BS) from the Mediterranean(MS) and Caspian(CS) seas dates back to the end of the I9th-beginning of the 20th centuries. While studying outcrops on Capes Chauda and Karangat,and on the Kerch-Taman Peninsula, Andrusov (1884,1889,1904-1905, 956) discovered that the former contained CS molluscan species while the latter contained those from the MS that do not live today in the BS.Based on these findings,he suggested that these outcrops were formed on the bottom of the BS during periods of CS and MS water intrusions,and later,they were exposed due to tectonic uplift.Indeed,similar sediments were found on the BS bottom in the course of the earliest marine explorations, dating to 1890-1891,by the Black Sea Fleet's R/V "Chernomorets" (Andrusov, 1890; Murray, 1900) that were continued under J.M. Shokalsky (hydrology) and A.D. Arkhangel'sky (sedimentology) using a new,improved corer of 6 m length on the R/V "Pervoe Maya" between 1925 and 1927,and then on the R/V "Pervoe Maya" and R/V "Hydrograph" between 1928 and 1933.Based on the results of these marine campaigns along with onshore geological investigations,the geological history of the Black Sea was described,the first stratigraphic scheme for the Quaternary was developed,and the time and direction of MS and CS intrusions into the BS via the connecting straits,e.g.,the Bosphorus—or the Izmit-Sapanca-Adapazari or Sakarya-Bosphorus (Pfannenstiel,1944)—and the Manych,respectively,were reconstructed (Arkhangel'sky and Strakhov,1938).The initial stratigraphic scale was detailed using mollusks as the main paleontological tool (e.g., Nevesskaya, 1965; Fedorov, 1978).Документ Comparison of the sea level fluctuations in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Black Seas for the last 100 years(Astroprint, 2011) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Lykhodedova, Olha H.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Лиходедова, Ольга Георгиевна; Лиходідова, Ольга Георгіївна; Ларченков, Євген Павлович; Ларченков, Евгений ПавловичThere is no consensus about the mode by which sea level changed in the Black Sea during the Holocene(Yanko-Hombach, 2007). Some scientists (e.g., Balabanov, 2007; Yanko-Hombach,2007)suggest that Black Sea level changes occurred in an oscillatory manner,while others (e.g., Pirazzoli, 1991; Bruckner et al., 2010) challenge this.In their opinion,the sea-level changes in the Black Sea cannot be different from those that occurred in the World Ocean in general, and the Mediterranean Sea in particular.This paper focuses on the comparison between sea-level fluctuations deduced from instrumental observations in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean,and Black Sea during the last 100 years.The main goal is to show how(but not why!)the Black Sea level has behaved most recently.We understand perfectly that geological time is not comparable with that of the period of instrumental observations. However,it is probable that the behavior of the Black Sea level in recent time and in the geological past could show similar patterns but on a different scale.Документ Holocene coastlines position reconstruction within the northwestern Black Sea Shelf(Astroprint, 2011) Tuleneva, Nataliia Vitaliivna; Suchkov, Igor O.; Сучков, Ігор Олександрович; Сучков, Игорь АлександровичReconstruction of coastline positions during the Holocene(i.e., Bugazian.Vityazevian, Kalamitian)within the northwestern Black Sea shelf is an integral part of the growing knowledge of geological history.During the last few decades,new notions have emerged about Late Pleistocene-Holocene paleogeography,and new data about Black Sea level fluctuations have appeared (Emelianov et al.,2004;Granova,2001; Konikov,2007; Molodykh et al.,1984; Shnyukov, ed.,1985; Ryan,2003;Yanko-Hombach,2007).Документ Paleoenvironment and human occupation at the site of Zaliznychne in the light of neolithization in the Lower Danube region of Ukraine(Astroprint, 2011) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена ВалентиновнаDuring recent years, the transition from hunting-gathering to a productive economy and the neolithization of the northwestern part of the Black Sea region have appeared to be rather widely discussed in the context of the consequences of a so-called 'Great Flood' that some propose to have taken place at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. According to some researchers,the spread of agriculture in this region was the result of direct migration of population from the Fertile Crescent occurring due to a catastrophic sea-level change.These groups brought with them agricultural skills and techniques as well as domestic seeds and animals.The Late Mesolithic Grebeniky flint knapping tradition is often regarded as an indicator of such movements (Zalizniak, 2004).The subject of the present contribution is to examine the directions taken by the Grebeniky tradition diffusion on the basis of data from Zaliznychne,the westernmost settlement of the Final Mesolithic occupation in the Ukrainian part of the Lower Danube region.Документ The role of geological factors in the formation of H2S contamination in the Black Sea(Astroprint, 2011) Shniukov, Yevhen F.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Шнюков, Евгений ФедоровичThe Black Sea formed within an east-west trending elliptical depression with a surface area of 436,400 km2,a water volume of 547,000 m3,and a water depth reaching 2212 m at its lowest point.It is the world's largest (423,000 km2) meromictic basin,where the deep waters do not mix with the upper layers that receive oxygen from the atmosphere.As a result,over 90% of the deeper Black Sea volume is contaminated by H2S and is lifeless.There is a trend of increasing H2S concentration in the seawater with increasing depth.One liter of Black Sea water contains 0.19, 0.83, 2.34, 8.48, and 9.6 mg/1 of H2S at water depths of 150, 200, 300, 1000,and 2000 m,respectively (Zaitsev, 1998).While the trend is obvious,the figures may be adjusted because the upper boundaries of H2S exposures vary.Документ Ecological aspects of mud volcano activities in the Azov-Black Sea region(Astroprint, 2011) Maslakov, Mykolai O.; Shniukov, Yevhen F.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Маслаков, Николай А.; Маслаков, Микола О.; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Шнюков, Евгений Федорович; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина ВенедиктівнаSince 1990, the Ukrainian-Russian team of scientists headed by the second author of this presentation has performed multidisciplinary research on mud volcano activity in the Azov-Black Sea region over the course of dozens of onshore and offshore expeditions carried out aboard various Ukrainian R/Vs. These expeditions enabled the mapping of mud volcanoes on the sea bottom and on land, and they have provided some insight into their physical and gasbiogeochemical properties, origin, as well as ecological aspects of their activity (Shnyukov et al., 2005a).Документ Changes in the level of the Black Sea (NW Black Sea region) in today's climate change(Astroprint, 2011) Lykhodedova, Olha H.Monitoring of the Black Sea level conducted since 1876 showed its drop with a speed 0.14 cm / year in the 20s of the XX century (first period) that was exchanged for its rise with a speed 0.35 cm / year (second period). Accordingly, sea level dropped in average 6.5 cm during first period and rose in 26 cm in course of the second period. The amplitude of sea level change is 37 and 50 cm, respectively. The change of sea level was mainly defined by river discharge, precipitation, evaporation, as well as water exchange with Mediterranean and Azov seas (Альтман, 1990). Changing these parameters in turn is related to changes in both regional and global climatic conditions.Документ The issue of the "Steppe Neolithic" in the northwestern Black Sea area(Astroprint, 2011) Kiosak, Dmytro V.; Кіосак, Дмитро Володимирович; Киосак, Дмитрий ВладимировичThe northwestern Black Sea coastal area is the westernmost territory of the Great Eurasian Steppe.It always served as a contact zone between the latter and the Balkans.It had its own way of neolithization.The appearance of the first agricultural population in the steppes,that is,the "domestication" of the steppes, constitutes the main subject of this paperДокумент Geodynamic factors in the shaping of the environment for biological organisms in the Black Sea(Astroprint, 2011) Chepizhko, Oleksandr V.; Чепіжко, Олександр Валентинович; Чепижко, Александр ВалентиновичThe ecological significance of the lithosphere as the foundation of the biosphere is defined, in particular, by the fact that its geological and geophysical character is significantly affected by tectonic and geodynamic factors (active faults, seismicity, modern crustal movements, etc.) that define aspects of sedimentation, chemical composition, environment, and energy structure. The effect of the lithosphere's unsteady geodynamic and astrogeophysical fields, as well as that of human technology on living organisms is particularly important and insufficiently studiedДокумент C14 dating and facies control of paleo-shorelines location on NW Black Sea shelf in Holocene(Astroprint, 2011) Kadurin, Serhii V.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.The northwestern Black Sea shelf was an alluvial plain that was flooded in the course of the Late Neoeuxinian and Chernomorian transgression (Larchenov and Kadurin, 2011). The latter started ca. 9.4 ka BP (all radiocarbon dates in this paper are in non-calibrated years BP), and occurred in an oscillatory or transgressive-regressive manner. Each transgressive-regressive stage formed its own paleocoastline, which is well expressed in the shelf relief (Larchenkov and Kadurin, 2011). Because the number of samples dated by l4C from paleocoastlines is relatively small, interpolation and extrapolation methods along with facies analysis of bottom sediments are required.Документ IGCP 521 - INQUA 501 REPORT (2005-2010)(Astroprint, 2011) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина ВенедиктівнаAt the time of our application in 2005, no IGCP project included within its scope the 30 kyr evolution of the Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor as a single entity, although some IGCP coastal projects were undertaken on Late Pleistocene-Holocene geology, paleoclimatology, paleontology and archaeology (e.g., IGCP 61 [1974-1982], 200 [1983-1987], 274 [1988-1993] and 367 [1994-1998].Документ Black Sea and Caspian Basins in Late Pleistocene: sea-level changes, climate and early human settlement(S.n, 2008) Dolukhanov, P. M.; Chepalyga, A. L.; Lavrentiev, N. V.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.; Shkatova, V. KThe climate of northern Eurasia during the Middle Wiirm/Valdai 'megainterstadial' (OIS 3), which lasted from c. 58 to 23 ka, was cool and unstable, with at least five milder oscillations (including the 'Bryansk interstadial'). The estimated summer and winter temperatures in Eastern Europe were lower than today by 4-6°C and 4-10°C, and the annual precipitation, as low as 150-250 mm (Frenzel et al.,1992).Документ Distribution of Holocene sediment thickness on the northwestern Black Sea shelf(S.n, 2008) Kadurin, Serhii V.; Eriomina, L. Ju.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.Reconstruction of the geological history and neotectonic activity of the northwestern Black Sea shelf requires an analysis of the thickness of the Holocene deposits. The study region includes the inner shelf from the Sarat rise to the central part of the Tendra rise, and it encompasses the middle shelf and substantial areas of the outer shelf to the south. Using vibracore data from "Prichernomorgeologia," we obtained more than 400 measurements of deposit thickness, as well as 28,100 interpolated values. The main goal of the research is assessment of the spatial distribution of deposit thickness on the northwestern Black Sea shelf through standard statistical analyses and GIS- aided mapping. The objectives are: evaluation of statistical parameters of sediment thickness distribution, and mapping of areas with anomalous Holocene deposit thicknesses.Документ Depositional environments of the Northwestern Black Sea inner and middle shelf during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene(S.n., 2008) Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Kakaranza, S. D.The Black Sea level rise of up to 90 m during the past 25 ky led to a progressive shift from terrestrial and nearshore depositional environments to marine shelf settings. This work is aimed at reconstructing the depositional environments on the northwestern Black Sea shelf during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.Документ Sea-Level fluctuations in the Black and Caspian Seas and Global Climate Change(S.n., 2008) Lykhodedova, Olha H.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.The Earth's climate is an extremely difficult nonlinear system with numerous feedbacks, the dynamics of which are not obvious. Many publications contain inconsistent opinions concerning the causes of global warming. A central place in these discussions is occupied by the question of the anthropogenic factor as a principal cause of the greenhouse effect, which lies at the root of global warming. Some authors argue that anthropogenic influences are already acting as the dominant warming factor (Meleshko, 2007). Contrary to this opinion, the influence of greenhouse gases on climate change has not yet been proven (Yegorov, 2007; Datsenko and Monin, 2006; Boichenko and Voloschuk, 2006).Документ Aminostratigraphy of coastal sedimentary sequences, Kerch Strait, northeastern Black Sea(S.n., 2008) Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Чепалига, Андрій Леонідович; Ніколас, В. А.; Мюррей-Уоллес, К. В.; Чівас, А. Р.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Чепалыга, Андрей Леонидович; Николас, В. А.; Мюррей-Уоллес, К. В.; Чивас, А. Р.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Chepalyga, A. L.; Murray-Wallace, C. V.; Nicholas, W. A.; Chivas, A. R.The principal methods used to constrain the timing of sea-level and environmental changes for the Last Interglacial sedimentary sequences have been Uranium-series and luminescence dating. An alternative to these, used with success in studies on Australian coastal sedimentary sequences, is the amino acid racemization geochronological technique. Recent technological (Bruckner et al., 1991) and methodological developments (Kaufman and Manley, 1998; Hearty et al., 2006) now allow for calibrated age determinations on suitable skeletal carbonates including individual foraminifers and ostracods.Документ Late Pleistocene-Holocene Geological History of the Danube- Dniester Shelf (Northwestern Black Sea)(2008) Pedan, Halyna S.; Педан, Галина СергіївнаThe Late Pleistocene-Holocene geological history of the Danube-Dniester shelf was closely related to Black Sea level changes. The Black Sea postglacial transgression had an oscillating character with several regressions reflected in the sedimentation (Nevessky, 1967; Fedorov, 1982; Ivanov and Shmuratko, 1982). The present project is aimed at developing a spatial-temporal model of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene formation of the Danube-Dniester shelf, covering the last 30 kyr.Документ Cold seeps and mud volcanoes of the Black Sea region: tectonics, lithology, geophysics, and biogeochemistry(S.n., 2008) Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Іноземцев, Ю. І.; Паришев, О. О.; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Педан, Галина Сергіївна; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Шнюков, Евгений Федорович; Иноземцев, Ю. И.; Парышев, A. А.; Коников, Евгений Георгиевич; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Педан, Галина Сергеевна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна; Inozemtsev, Yu.; Paryshev, A.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Shniukov, Yevhen F.Mud volcanoes at the bottom of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov have been studied for more than 20 years. The priority in investigating mud volcanoes belongs to a group of researchers under the guidance of one of the authors, E. Shnyukov. Data on their lithological structure, gSochemistry of deposits, water chemistry, and thermal condition of the deposits are available in many publications (Konyukhov et al., 1990; Shnyukov et al., 2003; Shnyukov and Kobolev, 2004; Stadnitskaya and Belen'kaya, 2000; and others).Документ Transmigrations as a mechanism of living space exploration in the Northwestern Black Sea region at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary(S.n., 2008) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена ВалентиновнаMigration can be defined as a total or partial change of location (habitat) and/or movement into new areas for a certain period of time or forever. Contemporary prehistory, archaeology, ethnology, and cultural anthropology tend to interpret migration as one of the four basic genres of human activity, alongside habitation, storage, and creation.One can trace long lasting migrations(or colonization)and comparatively rapid movements (or relocation).In the framework of this last group of population movements, which implies changes of habitat realized by groups or by individuals with a certain рифове over a temporally restricted interval, one can distinguish two basic variants:(a)migrations which give rise to significant enlargement or total change of habitat for a certain population group,and (b) movements within one foraging territory that are often called seasonal migrations. In all cases, the main historical function of migrations is to ensure group survival for the population in question.Документ Early Mesolithic archaeological evidence in the light of Northwestern Black Sea Dynamics(S.n., 2008) Stratonova, A. A.The present article investigates basic features of the Early Mesolithic phase of prehistory in the Northwestern Pontic region with regard to its connection with the Black Sea basin and history of adjacent landscapes. The main task here is to examine whether changes in the natural habitat (especially taken in the light of rival scenarios of Black Sea level change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary)were synchronous with changes of livelihood and tool production strategy in the local human populations. Such a geoarchaeological approach is based on widely known patterns of hunter- gatherer ecology and mobility (Binford, 1978) applied to the specific environmental characteristics of a Northwestern Pontic steppe ecotone in the Younger Dryas-Preboreal interval.