Перегляд за Автор "Smyntyna, Olena V."

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    Archaeological Introduction
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The NWBS region(Fig. 1b)is rich in archaeological resources(Tsetskhladze, 2001).It holds some of the most significant evidence of human prehistory and history in the region,much of which was closely associated with the "cradle of civilization" in the Near East,The NWBS region can be counted among the world's very best outdoor laboratories for studying the adaptation of Anatomically Modern Humans [АМН],who occupied and used the land for more than 40,000 years.Long-abandoned archaeological sites and historic landscapes of the NWBS region give us important insights into the ways human activities and the environment have been linked together through time, and how cultural practices (e.g., overkill of bison by the Late Paleolithic/Early Mesolithic hunters: Stanko, 2006) contributed to substantial environmental change,leading to subsequent changes in human economy.The earliest traces of human presence have been found in the Lower Dniester region (site of Jolubets next to the village of Labushna,Kodyma district, Odessa region, ca. 600 ky BP) and are referred to the latest phases of the Acheulian industry.Since that time, occupation in this region shows no breaks, with a continuous sequence of sites and settlements attributable to all subsequent archaeological periods.
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    Archaeological sources from the Northwestern Black Sea coast and the Great Flood theory: facts and hypothesis
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    Searches for the 'material' or 'anthropogenic' background to Biblical stories and ancient mythology are among the traditional subjects of archaeological study since its earliest phases. One could say even that the origin of field archaeology itself was inspired by the desire to find 'objective' and 'undeniable' proof for Bible events. The first known archaeological excavation was perhaps that connected with an attempt by the Byzantine emperatrice Elena (IV century AD) to find the exact place of Jesus Christ's crucifixion. Elena's success and her further beatification have made this practice attractive for official representatives of the Church (mostly the Catholic Church) as well as for archaeologists for whom financial support from the Church was the only means of their survival. Rapid development of new branches of archaeological study at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, e.g., the origin of Prehistoric and Stone Age archaeology, has contributed to the separation of so-called 'Biblical' and 'secular' versions of archaeology, which are now developing in their own way.
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    Bol'shaya Akkarzha
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    This late Palaeolithic settlement was a base camp for bison hunters. It is located on the right bank of the small Akkarzha River (or Akkarzhanskaya ravine),6 km from the shore and 1.5 km to the southwest of Velikodolinskoye village (Ovidiopol district of Odessa region). The settlement was discovered by Kraskovsky in 1955 and excavated later by Boriskovsky (1963), Kraskovsky (1978),and Sapozhnikov (2003). Palynological,stratigraphic,and paleontological analysis of the settlement supplemented by radiocarbon dating enabled researchers to attribute it to the Last Glacial Maximum [19- 18 ky BP] (Sapozhnikov, 2003).Four household complexes (each 15-23 m2) have been uncovered consisting of hearths and,concentrated around them,flint artifacts (about 57,000 pieces in total)and faunal remains(represented exclusively by Bison priscus with only some horse teeth).Peculiarities of the flint industry and lifeways of this site have become the background for delineating a special Akkarzhanskaya Culture of the LGM related to the circle of Gravettian cultures of Europe.
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    Bug-Ochakov Region
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The late Palaeolithic site was discovered by Taras Maksimyuk who has collected over 1,000 flint artifacts (scrapers, burins, inserts of points of spears and arrows) on the right bank of Khadzhibeisky Liman, 200 m south of the contemporary village of Usatovo next to the modern cemetery (Lagodovs'ka, 1947; Patokova, 1979). The site is awaiting excavation. The next occupation phase at this locality is referred to as the Usatovo Culture, a term known worldwide as the latest phase of the Tripolye Culture phenomenon that developed in the Pontic Steppes. This culture was discovered and excavated by Boltenko (1957) on the phateau of the eastern bank of Khadzhibeisky Liman. Its principal complex consists of settlement, an adjacent barrow, and non-barrow cemeteries dated to the end of 3-2 millennia ВСЕ. The economy of the Eneolithic inhabitants of Usatovo was based on plough land cultivation and stock raising (cattle, sheep, goat, pig, etc.) and horse breeding, with a significant proportion of products obtained from hunting, gathering, fishing, and collecting of molluscs (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Cardium edule, and Nassa). The Usatovo settlement shows relatively highly developed domestic (e.g., weaving, sewing and needlework, leather processing, household article production) and communal cottage (e.g., pottery making, metal processing, stone masonry) production. A series of ritual objects (female statuettes, animal images, symbols on pottery) and a ritual place devoted to the bull cult found there enabled archaeologists to reconstruct a highly developed ideological system based on complicated ideas about life and death, a fertility cult, and nature (the Sun) worship. A series of archaeological sites referable to later historical periods was also detected around the village of Usatovo, most important of which are a settlement of the 4th-3rd century ВСЕ covering about 2 hectares and a settlement dating to the beginning of the Christian Era.
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    Cold seeps and mud volcanoes of the Black Sea region: tectonics, lithology, geophysics, and biogeochemistry
    (S.n., 2008) Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Іноземцев, Ю. І.; Паришев, О. О.; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Педан, Галина Сергіївна; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Шнюков, Евгений Федорович; Иноземцев, Ю. И.; Парышев, A. А.; Коников, Евгений Георгиевич; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Педан, Галина Сергеевна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна; Inozemtsev, Yu.; Paryshev, A.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Pedan, Halyna S.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Shniukov, Yevhen F.
    Mud volcanoes at the bottom of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov have been studied for more than 20 years. The priority in investigating mud volcanoes belongs to a group of researchers under the guidance of one of the authors, E. Shnyukov. Data on their lithological structure, gSochemistry of deposits, water chemistry, and thermal condition of the deposits are available in many publications (Konyukhov et al., 1990; Shnyukov et al., 2003; Shnyukov and Kobolev, 2004; Stadnitskaya and Belen'kaya, 2000; and others).
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    Ecological crisis in the northwestern Black Sea region at the pleistocene-holocene boundary: main components and dynamics through time
    (Rosselkhozakademiya Printing House, 2007) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The theory of ecological crises as important driving forces in the paleohistorical process was put forward by Sergey Bibikov in the late 1960s in connection with his complex studies of hunter-gatherer economy and modes of life on the eve of the transition to a productive economy. He viewed prehistoric ecological crises as being integral with paleoeconomic crises, interpreting both as an objective and natural result of prehistoric production activity taking place in a permanently changing environment. For the period 9000-6000 B.C., he distinguished several stages of crisis development that correlate with phases of paleoenvironmental evolution as well as with changes in the livelihood of hunter-gatherers (Bibikov 1969). His speculations stimulated intensive field investigations of fauna and flora, climate, and geomorphology in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, which were followed by modeling of the paleogeographic conditions in territories mainly centered upon archaeological sites at periods of time when the sites were occupied. Such investigations in the northwestern Black Sea region (NWBSR) have resulted in the formation of a comprehensive paleogeographic database, which includes palynological, paleontological, paleoclimatic, and geological data. Results of interdisciplinary investigations of archaeological sites of the same period offer the possibility of (1) reconstructing human responses to the variety of challenges put forward by nature, (2) delineating the main components of the ecological crisis in the NWBSR at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, and (3) detecting stages in the crisis development through time.
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    Geological and Geomorphological Factors and Marine Conditions of the Azov-Black Sea Basin and Coastal Characteristics as They Determine Prospecting for Seabed Prehistoric Sites on the Continental Shelf
    (2017) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Shniukov, Yevhen F.; Pasynkov, Anatoly; Sorokin, Valentin; Kuprin, Pavlo; Maslakov, Mykolai O.; Motnenko, Irena; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Шнюков, Євген Федорович; Шнюков, Евгений Федорович; Пасинков, Анатлоій; Пасынков, Анатолий; Сорокин, Валентин; Сорокін, Валентин; Купрін, Павло; Куприн, Павел; Маслаков, Николай А.; Маслаков, Микола О.; Мотненко, Ірена; Мотненко, Ирэна; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The Black Sea lies at the junction of three major cultural areas: Europe, Central Asia, and the Near East. The history of primary occupation and cultural exploitation of the Black Sea basin goes back to 1.89 million years ago (Dmanisi, Georgia), as is documented by numerous open-air archaeological sites, the frequency of which indicates a high concentration of human activity fromthe Lower Paleolithic to the Early Iron Age (O¨ zdog˘an 2007). Comprehensive study of these sites contributes to some of the most interesting debates in European prehistory, among which are the spread of anatomically modern humans, the transition to an agricultural economy, the repercussions of early urbanization across Eurasia, and others, which play a crucial role in enduring discussions about the impact of complex Near Eastern societies on European societies. Fluctuations in sea level and the commensurate shrinking and expansion of littoral areas had considerable impact on the settlement pattern of prehistoric societies of the Black Sea region, and submerged archaeological landscapes are highly possible (Stanko 2007).
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    Human response to climate changes in the northwestern Pontic region at the pleistocene-holocene boundary: an application of environmental Stress theory
    (LTD "Sachino", 2013) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Goncharenko, A.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    At the start of this new millennium, it is practically conventional to recognize the extreme importance of stress on the psycho-physiological processes of the contemporary human body and on cultural behavior. Recent developments in the ecological paradigm within historical studies have made it possible to use stress theory to study some issues involving the origin of Homo sapiens sapiens and its social organization as possible explanations for paleohistorical stadiality, in interpreting the origins of new economic forms, etc. Peculiarities of the paleogcographic history of the Pleistocene have led us to assume that environmental stresses should be regarded as one of the basic reasons for changes in the behavior of prehistoric humans and the elaboration of new adaptive modes of life as well as the foundation for cultural transformations. The purpose of the current contribution is to discuss the principal points of environmental stress theory as it is applied to the interpretation of human responses to global climate changes in the northwestern Pontic region at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary.
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    Il'inka
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    Situated on the northeastern outskirts of the eponymous village (Belyaevka district, Odessa region), the karst cave in the mouth of short deep girder on the right bank of Kuyalnik Liman was discovered by Gritsay and A. Roschin (Gritsay, 1939). It is an archaeological as well as paleontological location, the most striking feature of which being its connection with cave bears procurement and worship. It was the subject of repeated studies in the middle of the 20th century (Zamyatnin, 1950; Boriskovsky and Kraskovsky, 1961; Kraskovsky, 1978), which have been renewed through the collaboration of the Paleontological Museum of Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University with the University of Vienna, Austria.
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    Lithology, biochemistry, and micropaleontology of mud volcanoes and high-intensity cold seeps on the bottom of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov
    (S.n., 2008) Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Konikov, Yevhenii G.; Kravchuk, Anna O.; Kadurin, Serhii V.; Kravtsov, V.; Larchenkov, Yevhenii P.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Коніков, Євген Георгійович; Коников, Евгений Георгиевич; Кравчук, Ганна Олегівна; Кравчук, Анна Олеговна; Кадурін, Сергій Володимирович; Кадурин, Сергей Владимирович; Кравцов, В.; Ларченков, Євген Павлович; Ларченков, Евгений Павлович; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University Team focused on the geological, gcochemical,mineralogical,and micropaleontological study of mud volcanoes and high intensity gas seeps in the northern Black Sea in order to assess their origin and possible influence on ecosystems, thus, contributing to HERMES WP1 and WP3.As a first step, compiling and integration of existing data (published and archival) obtained by previous projects was conducted by a variety of organizations.This enabled us to create a GIS-aided map of previous research,at least in the northwestern part of the Black Sea
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    Luzanovka
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The ancient Greek site of the 5th-beginning of the 4th century ВСЕ known as the 'Harbor of Istrians' is located on the left bank of the mouth of Kuyalnitsky Liman (Fig. 1b) (Diamant, 1980;Sinitsyn, 1955, 1957). Minimally excavated in the 1920s-1930s, this site is now totally destroyed by abrasive processes and human activity.According to written tradition, Istrians' Harbor was tightly connected with Isiaks' Harbor located within the contemporary port of Odessa and adjacent plateau between Devolanovskiy spusk and Voennyi spusk (names of two modern streets of Odessa).During the 5th - 3rd centuries ВСЕ, the settlement of Luzanovka was connected with nomadic Scythians and maintained broad-based contacts with neighboring Greek poleis.
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    Mesolithization of the Lower Dniester-Pivdennyi Bug region: an environmental interpretation
    (S.n., 2010) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The Mesolithic is traditionally regarded as one of the most fascinating archaeological periods, strict criteria of which still remain the subject of sharp discussion for over a century. Nowadays, one can distinguish at least 3 basic versions of Mesolithic interpretation: environmental, technological, and procurative, which are successfully converging in the contemporary archaeology of the Stone Age. Recent studies of Black Sea level dynamics at the Pleistocene-I Iolocene boundary open new horizons for the development of an environmental interpretation of the transition to the Mesolithic on the Lower Dniester-Pivdennyi Bug interfluve
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    Paleoenvironment and human occupation at the site of Zaliznychne in the light of neolithization in the Lower Danube region of Ukraine
    (Astroprint, 2011) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    During recent years, the transition from hunting-gathering to a productive economy and the neolithization of the northwestern part of the Black Sea region have appeared to be rather widely discussed in the context of the consequences of a so-called 'Great Flood' that some propose to have taken place at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. According to some researchers,the spread of agriculture in this region was the result of direct migration of population from the Fertile Crescent occurring due to a catastrophic sea-level change.These groups brought with them agricultural skills and techniques as well as domestic seeds and animals.The Late Mesolithic Grebeniky flint knapping tradition is often regarded as an indicator of such movements (Zalizniak, 2004).The subject of the present contribution is to examine the directions taken by the Grebeniky tradition diffusion on the basis of data from Zaliznychne,the westernmost settlement of the Final Mesolithic occupation in the Ukrainian part of the Lower Danube region.
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    Pavel Dolukhanov (1937–2009)
    (2010) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Gilbert, Allan; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Гілберт, Аллан. С.; Гилберт, Аллан. С.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    Pavel Dolukhanov (1937–2009) belongs to that glorious cohort of creative and innovative professionals whose role in the development of prehistoric studies stands out among contributors to the discipline. Pavel was born in Leningrad on January 1, 1937 to an Armenian father and a Russian mother. He grew up within a remarkable family of Russian intelligentsia with roots in the aristocracy and a strong intellectual tradition. They were musicians and poets and journalists; his uncle was a famous Russian composer.
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    Population of Mountain Crimea during the Allerød: Human adaptation to global climate change
    (Nafta-Press, 2014) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Honcharenko, A. V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    During recent years, the Altered, or climatic optimum of the Late Glacial, has remained at the center of attention within the framework of discussions about the strategies of human adaptation in the Black Sea basin and the coastal zone development at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Adherents of the so-called Black Sea deluge hypothesis, following W. Ryan and W. Pitman, suggest that the Allerød was a crucial time when the famous ‘Flood’ took place. Proponents of non-catastrophic changes in the level of the Black Sea after the Last Glacial maximum view the Allerød as the starting point of the gradual sea-level rise. From an archaeological point of view, this discussion is traditionally illustrated by sites of the northwestern and western Pontic region, while cultural remains from the Crimean peninsula seem to be undeservedly ignored. This situation is caused, probably, by geological peculiarities of the coastal zone of Mountain Crimea, which is poorly illustrative for sea-level reconstruction. Nevertheless, its archaeological sites reveal traces of past human migrations, studies of which can highlight important aspects of human adaptation to global climate changes at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary.
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    Slobodka-Romanovka
    (Astroprint, 2006) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    An Eneolithic barrow situated on the hill between Krivaya Balka and Slobodka- Romanovka (nowadays on the outskirts of the central part of the city of Odessa) which gradually descends to the sea, ending by the famous Odessa Peresyp (Fig. 1b). Most probably, a series of barrows was constructed there, and only one has survived.This barrow is interpreted as the first polyethnic cemetery within the territory of the contemporary city of Odessa. Its thousand-year history involved many reshapings through burials and refillings as a ritual place used by Usatovo, Pit-Grave, Kemi-Oba, Catacomb, and Sabatinovka populations (Sinitsyn, 1955). Stratigraphically traced by Dobrovolsky (1950), this barrow is regarded as the most detailed reference point for barrow graves of prehistoric inhabitants of NWBS region.
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    The Allerød in the Northwestern Black Sea region: Climate change and human adaptation
    (Nafta-Press, 2014) Smyntyna, Olena V.
    The crucial role of events that took place during the Allerød in the development of environmental conditions and human adaptation in the Northwestern Black Sea region repeatedly take the center of attention among natural scientists and archaeologists. In the region under study, this period traditionally is associated with global climate changes that influenced the dynamic of natural landscapes and caused a transformation in population demography, livelihood and subsistence strategy, and tool production. Basic trends in environmental dynamics across the Northwestern Pontic steppes during the Holocene were initiated at this time, and the main features of human adaptation to post-glacial environments (including basic trends in tool production strategies, subsistence systems, and mobile lifeways) also have their roots during the Allerød. Peculiarities of paleogeography and human adaptation within the Northwestern Black Sea region allow us to distinguish two provinces of this region: one is connected with the territories lying between the Danube and Pivdenny Bug rivers, and the other is located around the Dnieper Rapids area.
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    The Lower Dniester - lower Dnieper Region during the Boreal period of the holocene: human adaptation to environmental changes
    (LTD "Sachino", 2013) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The territory located between the lower valleys of the Dniester and Dnieper, the biggest rivers of the northwestern Black Sea region, is traditionally viewed as the embodiment of the most typical features of the inner Pontic steppes,their paleogeography, and landscapes. This region demonstrates the most characteristic features of the exploitation system for life in the steppes. Moreover, it occupied space where the continuity of economy and the evolution of ethnic culture was displayed in the fullest measure during the entire Mesolithic, demonstrating no clear tendencies toward the transition to a productive economy even in its most recent phases.
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    The Ukraine: In Search of Submerged Late Palaeolithic Sites on the North-Western Black Sea Shelf
    (2020) Kadurin, Serhii V.; Yanko-Hombach, Valentyna V.; Smyntyna, Olena V.; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктівна; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Янко-Хомбах, Валентина Венедиктовна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    The continental shelf offshore of the Ukraine coast represents one of the largest areas of submerged landscape in the Black Sea, comparable to the extensive shelf areas of Northwest Europe. The general region has a long history of Palaeolithic occupation and numerous archaeological sites associated with the major river systems draining from the north, including many famous Palaeolithic settlements. The submerged landscape exposed during periods of low sea level would have offered an extensive and attractive extra increment of land. Underwater archaeological survey in the Black Sea has so far failed to produce convincing evidence of pre-Holocene sites, but the expectation that the Ukrainian shelf harbours Late Upper Palaeolithic sites is strengthened by the presence of occasional flint artefacts in sediment cores recovered from the shelf area during geological surveys. This chapter develops a predictive model for identifying target areas in the search for Late Palaeolithic sites on this submerged landscape. We focus on the Dniester-Kuyalnik region and analyse the location and distribution of on-land Late Palaeolithic sites in relation to the topographic and palaeoenvironmental features of their local surroundings to identify key determinants of site location. We then use the maps produced by the many hundreds of sediment sequences recovered by drilling and coring on the shelf, many radiometrically dated, to identify similar features on the submerged landscape. We also assess the likelihood of site preservation and visibility under different scenarios—rapid or gradual— of sea-level rise. A preliminary test of the model was attempted with remotely operated vehicles, video and acoustic equipment, but was terminated prematurely by logistic problems, and further investigation awaits improved funding.
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    Transmigrations as a mechanism of living space exploration in the Northwestern Black Sea region at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary
    (S.n., 2008) Smyntyna, Olena V.; Сминтина, Олена Валентинівна; Смынтына, Елена Валентиновна
    Migration can be defined as a total or partial change of location (habitat) and/or movement into new areas for a certain period of time or forever. Contemporary prehistory, archaeology, ethnology, and cultural anthropology tend to interpret migration as one of the four basic genres of human activity, alongside habitation, storage, and creation.One can trace long lasting migrations(or colonization)and comparatively rapid movements (or relocation).In the framework of this last group of population movements, which implies changes of habitat realized by groups or by individuals with a certain рифове over a temporally restricted interval, one can distinguish two basic variants:(a)migrations which give rise to significant enlargement or total change of habitat for a certain population group,and (b) movements within one foraging territory that are often called seasonal migrations. In all cases, the main historical function of migrations is to ensure group survival for the population in question.