Словотвірні особливості діалектної лексики українських говорів одещини
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Дата
2016
Науковий керівник
Укладач
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Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті діалектна лексика українських говорів Одещини аналізується з точки зору її словотвірних особливостей: розглядаються специфіка використання словотвірних формантів, способи творення діалектизмів [морфемні (суфіксальний,
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конфіксальний, основоскладання, безафіксний, префіксально-постфіксальний, префіксально-постфіксально-суфіксальний) та неморфемні (морфолого-синтаксичний, лексико-синтаксичний, лексико-семантичний)].
В статье анализируются словообразовательные особенности диалектной лексики украинских говоров Одесской области: рассматриваются специфика использования словообразовательных формантов, способы образования диалектных слов [морфемные (суффиксальный, конфиксальный, основосложение, безаффиксный, префиксально-постфиксальный, префиксально-суффиксально-постфиксальный) и неморфемные (морфолого-синтаксический, лексико-синтаксический, лексико-семантический)].
The article deals with the analysis of the dialect vocabulary of Odessa region from the point of view of its word-building peculiarities: the ways of forming of dialectisms and the peculiarity of using the word-building affixes are being viewed in the article. The research of word formative peculiarities of dialectal lexicon to differentiate the territorial dialects is very perspective. Such research is of great importance for Ukrainian dialects of Odessa region, where you can discover the coexistence of different dialects: the south-western and south-eastern. Having analyzed 600 derivatives from the «Ukrainian Dictionary of Odessa region's dialects» [16], we have found out that most of the derivatives are formed with the help of suffixes (suffixal method). The most frequent used suffixes in the process of creating were the following: -к(а), -ник, -ар(-яр), -к(и), -ак(-як), -ик, -ов, although it is obvious that the usage of suffixes (-ap(-яp), -к(и), -ак(-як)) in literary language is much less frequent than in the dialect speech. Such suffixes as -yт(a), -yш(a), -л(-о), -н(я) are used much more frequently in the dialect language than in the literary one. There was a surprising gap in the amount of derivatives formed by suffixal method and derivatives formed by others : morphemic and nemorfemny methods. For example, there were not words among the analyzed ones formed by the prefixal method. Only ten derivatives are formed by prefixing and suffixal methods (бестáрка, бестáрник, бизрóшка, зáстінок, підпáрок, підпáлок, підлокóтник, відзéмок, відмóстка, вистрéлювати). Only 8 derivatives are formed by word composition method, word composition and suffixal methods and by combining word composition and bezaffiksny methods (близоóкий, близькоглáзий, верхоплáвка, винодєлка, водовозка, водовóзня, круподьóрка, винодєл). There was one derivative formed by prefix-postaffixal and one by prefix-suffixal-postaffixal methods (вихлебтатися, вилітитися). There were derivatives formed by bezaffiksny method: перегул, переріз, перетóк, притула. Only one derivative is formed by lexical-syntactic method (запридух), 14 derivatives-nouns are formed by morphological and syntactic methods (вечíрня, вибіжнá, вісовá, запускнá, зоровá, їздовий, кормовá, кормовий, перекиднá, підвознá, писана, роговá, синовá, стояча).These derivatives occur by using lexical-semantic method: бомба, бородá, востóк, голóвка, грива, кобила, козел, пóлька, серце, шашлик, шия, щур1, щур2. The largest group among analyzed dialectal vocabulary are derivatives-nouns, derivatives-adjectives follow them. Verbs and nouns make the motivating base for formed derivatives, but we have met adjectives and numerals among the motivating words as well. The motivating base for formation of most dialectal words are common words from both dialectal and literary languages. New dialect words rarely appear thanks to other ones (other dialect words).
В статье анализируются словообразовательные особенности диалектной лексики украинских говоров Одесской области: рассматриваются специфика использования словообразовательных формантов, способы образования диалектных слов [морфемные (суффиксальный, конфиксальный, основосложение, безаффиксный, префиксально-постфиксальный, префиксально-суффиксально-постфиксальный) и неморфемные (морфолого-синтаксический, лексико-синтаксический, лексико-семантический)].
The article deals with the analysis of the dialect vocabulary of Odessa region from the point of view of its word-building peculiarities: the ways of forming of dialectisms and the peculiarity of using the word-building affixes are being viewed in the article. The research of word formative peculiarities of dialectal lexicon to differentiate the territorial dialects is very perspective. Such research is of great importance for Ukrainian dialects of Odessa region, where you can discover the coexistence of different dialects: the south-western and south-eastern. Having analyzed 600 derivatives from the «Ukrainian Dictionary of Odessa region's dialects» [16], we have found out that most of the derivatives are formed with the help of suffixes (suffixal method). The most frequent used suffixes in the process of creating were the following: -к(а), -ник, -ар(-яр), -к(и), -ак(-як), -ик, -ов, although it is obvious that the usage of suffixes (-ap(-яp), -к(и), -ак(-як)) in literary language is much less frequent than in the dialect speech. Such suffixes as -yт(a), -yш(a), -л(-о), -н(я) are used much more frequently in the dialect language than in the literary one. There was a surprising gap in the amount of derivatives formed by suffixal method and derivatives formed by others : morphemic and nemorfemny methods. For example, there were not words among the analyzed ones formed by the prefixal method. Only ten derivatives are formed by prefixing and suffixal methods (бестáрка, бестáрник, бизрóшка, зáстінок, підпáрок, підпáлок, підлокóтник, відзéмок, відмóстка, вистрéлювати). Only 8 derivatives are formed by word composition method, word composition and suffixal methods and by combining word composition and bezaffiksny methods (близоóкий, близькоглáзий, верхоплáвка, винодєлка, водовозка, водовóзня, круподьóрка, винодєл). There was one derivative formed by prefix-postaffixal and one by prefix-suffixal-postaffixal methods (вихлебтатися, вилітитися). There were derivatives formed by bezaffiksny method: перегул, переріз, перетóк, притула. Only one derivative is formed by lexical-syntactic method (запридух), 14 derivatives-nouns are formed by morphological and syntactic methods (вечíрня, вибіжнá, вісовá, запускнá, зоровá, їздовий, кормовá, кормовий, перекиднá, підвознá, писана, роговá, синовá, стояча).These derivatives occur by using lexical-semantic method: бомба, бородá, востóк, голóвка, грива, кобила, козел, пóлька, серце, шашлик, шия, щур1, щур2. The largest group among analyzed dialectal vocabulary are derivatives-nouns, derivatives-adjectives follow them. Verbs and nouns make the motivating base for formed derivatives, but we have met adjectives and numerals among the motivating words as well. The motivating base for formation of most dialectal words are common words from both dialectal and literary languages. New dialect words rarely appear thanks to other ones (other dialect words).
Опис
Ключові слова
способи словотворення, діалектна лексика, мотивувальне слово, дериват, словотвірний формант, способы словообразования, диалектная лексика, мотивирующее слово, дериват, словообразовательный формант, ways of word-building, dialect vocabulary, motivator, derivative, word-building affix
Бібліографічний опис
Записки з українського мовознавства = Opera in linguistica ukrainiana : зб. наук. праць