Вплив зрошення на показники стану родючості чорноземів південних Нижньодністровської зрошувальної системи
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Дата
2014
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Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
Схарактеризовано результати вивчення у 1986- 2009 рр. впливу зрошення на показники стану родючості чорноземів південних за водно-сольовими, фізико-хімічними, агрофізичними показниками, хімічного (іонного) складу зрошувальної води р. Дністер.
Представлены результаты многолетних исследований влияния орошения на показатели состояния плодородия черноземов южных, в т. ч. в условиях ограничено-выборочного орошения в последние 20 лет. Установлено, что ограничено-виборочное дождевание пресной днестровской водою привело к обессоливанию, нарушению катионного равновесия в составе поглощенных оснований, развитию процессов вторичного (ирригационного) осолонцевания, дегумификации, уплотнению почв.
There were conducted the research to identity the nature and direction of change in the modem processes of southern chernozems under irrigation. The research object is the southern chernozem fo the Nizhnednestrovskaya irrigation system. According to the results of soil monitoring studies presented a comparative analysis of the impact of irrigation on the soil conditions in a systematic and limited-selective watering. Irrigation leads to the eluviation of soluble salts down the soil profile. In reduced-selective irrigation during the last 20 years, chernozems desalinization processes are activated. As a result, irrigation significantly changes the composition of southern chernozems exchange and absorbed bases, cations exchange capacity is reduced, the content of calcium decreases and magnesium, sodium and potassium accumulates. In reduced-selective sprinkling a partial restoration of the cations exchange capacity occurs, but the exchange ratio Ca2+: Mg2+ significantly narrowes, the proportion of sodium and potassium increases, that is the indicating of the development of secondary processes (irrigation) alkalinization of southern chernozems. General tendency to dehumification southern chernozems under the influence-selective sprinkling is traced, that is explained by extensive agriculture during the last years. In accordance to the soils granule analysis the irrigation leads to the increase of maintenance of silty fraction, a tendency is marked to the gleization, that is connected, probably, with dispergation of fine sand and large dust. The factor of dispersion increases only in the years of systematic irrigation to the level of weak degree of degradation. Under the influence of irrigation the soil density increases to 1,4 - 1,5 (1,6) g/sm3, that characterizes these soils as weak and average degraded.
Представлены результаты многолетних исследований влияния орошения на показатели состояния плодородия черноземов южных, в т. ч. в условиях ограничено-выборочного орошения в последние 20 лет. Установлено, что ограничено-виборочное дождевание пресной днестровской водою привело к обессоливанию, нарушению катионного равновесия в составе поглощенных оснований, развитию процессов вторичного (ирригационного) осолонцевания, дегумификации, уплотнению почв.
There were conducted the research to identity the nature and direction of change in the modem processes of southern chernozems under irrigation. The research object is the southern chernozem fo the Nizhnednestrovskaya irrigation system. According to the results of soil monitoring studies presented a comparative analysis of the impact of irrigation on the soil conditions in a systematic and limited-selective watering. Irrigation leads to the eluviation of soluble salts down the soil profile. In reduced-selective irrigation during the last 20 years, chernozems desalinization processes are activated. As a result, irrigation significantly changes the composition of southern chernozems exchange and absorbed bases, cations exchange capacity is reduced, the content of calcium decreases and magnesium, sodium and potassium accumulates. In reduced-selective sprinkling a partial restoration of the cations exchange capacity occurs, but the exchange ratio Ca2+: Mg2+ significantly narrowes, the proportion of sodium and potassium increases, that is the indicating of the development of secondary processes (irrigation) alkalinization of southern chernozems. General tendency to dehumification southern chernozems under the influence-selective sprinkling is traced, that is explained by extensive agriculture during the last years. In accordance to the soils granule analysis the irrigation leads to the increase of maintenance of silty fraction, a tendency is marked to the gleization, that is connected, probably, with dispergation of fine sand and large dust. The factor of dispersion increases only in the years of systematic irrigation to the level of weak degree of degradation. Under the influence of irrigation the soil density increases to 1,4 - 1,5 (1,6) g/sm3, that characterizes these soils as weak and average degraded.
Опис
Вiсник Одеського нацiонального унiверситету = Вестник Одесского национального университета
Ключові слова
Нижньодністровська зрошувальна система, чорноземи південні, стан, зрошення, Нижнеднестровская оросительная система, черноземы южные, состояние, орошение, Nizhnednestrovskaya irrigation system, southern chernozems, state, irrigation
Бібліографічний опис
Вісник Одеського національного університету = Odesa National University Herald