Механізм реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина в юридичній науці
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Дата
2023
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Анотація
Визначено сучасний рівень досліджень механізму реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина в юридичній науці та здійснено критичний аналіз думок, представлених з цього приводу в наукових джерелах. З’ясовано, що в поодиноких наукових працях в повному обсязі аналізується поняття «механізм реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина», більшість же досліджень фрагментарно висвітлюють окремі аспекти цього поняття. Зроблено висновок, що дослідження правового механізму реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина в публічно-правовій та приватноправовій сферах є розпорошеними, суперечливими за змістовним наповненням, неповними та не завжди науково обґрунтованими. Запропоновано правовий механізм реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина визначати як сукупність взаємодіючих правових засобів, за допомогою яких забезпечується реалізація суб’єктивних прав осіб у публічно-правовій та приватноправовій сферах. Встановлено, до елементів правового механізму реалізації прав і свобод особи відносяться: 1) норма права; 2) суб’єкти права, які реалізують свої суб’єктивні права через передбачені національним законодавством форми або забезпечують їх реалізацію; 3) форми реалізації норм права; 4) правове виховання, правова ідеологія, правова культура і правова свідомість учасників правовідносин щодо реалізації прав і свобод особи. Запропоновано виділяти чотири форми реалізації норми права, які забезпечують реалізацію прав і свобод особи: 1) дотримання; 2) виконання; 3) використання; 4) застосування.
The study defines the current level of research into the mechanism for the realization of human and civil rights and freedoms in legal science and carries out a critical analysis of the opinions presented in this regard in scientific sources. It has been studied that in a few scientific papers the concept of «mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen» is analyzed in full, most studies fragmentarily cover certain aspects of this concept. It is concluded that studies of the legal mechanism for the implementation of human and civil rights and freedoms in the public law and private law spheres are dispersed, contradictory in content, incomplete and not always scientifically substantiated. A legal mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen is proposed to be defined as a set of interacting legal means through which the realization of the subjective rights of persons in the public law and private law spheres is ensured. It has been established that the elements of the legal mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual include: 1) the rule of law; 2) subjects of law exercising their subjective rights through the forms provided for by national legislation or ensuring their implementation; 3) forms of implementation of the rules of law; 4) legal education, legal ideology, legal culture and legal consciousness of participants in legal relations for the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual. It is proposed to distinguish four forms of implementation of the rule of law, ensuring the implementation of the rights and freedoms of the individual: 1) compliance; 2) performance; 3) use; 4) application. Attention is focused on the fact that compliance with the rule of law acquires its manifestation in a passive form and consists in keeping a person from certain undesirable actions, qualified in law as «prohibitions» and «restrictions». It was found out that the implementation as a form of implementation of the rule of law is the implementation of legal obligations that are assigned by national legislation to the person. It has been established that the use as a form of implementation of the rule of law, firstly, is associated with the use by a person of his subjective right, secondly, is carried out not under duress, but of his own free will, thirdly, occurs, as a rule, according to clearly defined in the national procedures legislation. It is concluded that application, as a form of implementation of the rules of law, is, firstly, of an individual nature, secondly, it is implemented exclusively by a subject with authority, thirdly, it has a service character in relation to other forms of implementation of the rules of law, and fourthly implemented exclusively within the framework of public law relations.
The study defines the current level of research into the mechanism for the realization of human and civil rights and freedoms in legal science and carries out a critical analysis of the opinions presented in this regard in scientific sources. It has been studied that in a few scientific papers the concept of «mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen» is analyzed in full, most studies fragmentarily cover certain aspects of this concept. It is concluded that studies of the legal mechanism for the implementation of human and civil rights and freedoms in the public law and private law spheres are dispersed, contradictory in content, incomplete and not always scientifically substantiated. A legal mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen is proposed to be defined as a set of interacting legal means through which the realization of the subjective rights of persons in the public law and private law spheres is ensured. It has been established that the elements of the legal mechanism for the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual include: 1) the rule of law; 2) subjects of law exercising their subjective rights through the forms provided for by national legislation or ensuring their implementation; 3) forms of implementation of the rules of law; 4) legal education, legal ideology, legal culture and legal consciousness of participants in legal relations for the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual. It is proposed to distinguish four forms of implementation of the rule of law, ensuring the implementation of the rights and freedoms of the individual: 1) compliance; 2) performance; 3) use; 4) application. Attention is focused on the fact that compliance with the rule of law acquires its manifestation in a passive form and consists in keeping a person from certain undesirable actions, qualified in law as «prohibitions» and «restrictions». It was found out that the implementation as a form of implementation of the rule of law is the implementation of legal obligations that are assigned by national legislation to the person. It has been established that the use as a form of implementation of the rule of law, firstly, is associated with the use by a person of his subjective right, secondly, is carried out not under duress, but of his own free will, thirdly, occurs, as a rule, according to clearly defined in the national procedures legislation. It is concluded that application, as a form of implementation of the rules of law, is, firstly, of an individual nature, secondly, it is implemented exclusively by a subject with authority, thirdly, it has a service character in relation to other forms of implementation of the rules of law, and fourthly implemented exclusively within the framework of public law relations.
Опис
Ключові слова
реалізація прав, свобода людини та громадянина, юридична наука
Бібліографічний опис
Миколенко О. І. Механізм реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина в юридичній науці / О. І. Миколенко // Дослідження механізму реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина в публічному і приватному праві : кол. монографія / М. А. Баламуш, Н. В. Ільєва, О. М. Миколенко [та ін.] ; за заг. ред.: О. В. Гаран, О. І. Миколенко. – Розд. 1. – Одеса : Фенікс, 2023. – С. 9–43.