Психолінгвістика: минуле, сучасне, майбутнє. Етичний аспект
Вантажиться...
Дата
2022
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Номер E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Анотація
Психолінгвістика завдяки надбанням біології, генної інженерії та штучного інтелекту знаходить усе нові підходи до досліджень, удосконалюються засоби впливу на класичні, здавалося б, на перший погляд, традиційні питання психолінгвістики: сприйняття, розуміння, породження мови, робота пам’яті і уваги, – постають у новому світлі. Створена низка міждисциплінарних програм, одна з них – це The Human Brain Project (скор. HBP з англ. - «Проєкт людський мозок»), як великий науково-дослідний проєкт з вивчення людського мозку, який започатковано у 2013 році в Женеві Генрі Маркрамом і який об’єднав сотні вчених з 26 країн світу і 135 партнерських інституцій. Метою цього проєкту є створення першої у світі моделі мозку людини і гризунів. Проєкт HBP є безпрецедентним за своїми масштабами і найбільшим в історії вивчення людського мозку, розрахований на 10 років, до 2023 року. У самому проєкті є багато підпроєктів, одним із яких є SP12, основним завданням якого є створити етичну базу для подальшого дослідження. Усе це яскраво показало, що межа впливу відсунулася на свідомість і на ці процеси розмилася. Разом із цим паралельно розвивається така наука, як нейроетика, яка розглядає саме етичні питання та намагається випрацювати загальні засади. Доцільним буде поєднати такі два підходи.
Thanks to the achievements of biology, genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, psycholinguistics is finding new approaches to research, improving the means of influencing the classic, seemingly traditional issues of psycholinguistics: perception, understanding, generation of language, memory and attention. in a new light. A number of interdisciplinary programs have been developed, one of which is The Human Brain Project (HBP), as a major human brain research project launched in 2013 in Geneva by Henry Markram and which brought together hundreds of scientists from 26 countries and 135 partner institutions. The aim of this project is to create the world's first model of the human and rodent brain. The HBP project is unprecedented in its scale and the largest in the history of the study of the human brain, designed for 10 years, until 2023. There are many subprojects in the project itself, one of which is SP12, the main task of which is to create an ethical basis for further research. All this clearly showed that the limit of influence has shifted to consciousness and blurred these processes. At the same time, a science such as neuroethics is developing, which considers ethical issues and tries to work out general principles. It would be advisable to combine these two approaches. The urgency of the development of neuroethics does not raise questions not only in terms of neuroscience, the development of neurotechnology, surprising new breakthroughs and throwing up new and new ethical issues, but also the fact that neuroethics clearly conveys the desire to establish the morality of a new neurosystem. Thus, the contours of neuroethics can be understood, first, as a section of bioethics; secondly, it is expedient to interpret it as applied ethics; thirdly, as an independent kind of research or professional ethics in the field of neuroscience and in neurological practice in medicine; fourth, the most specific not only for this discipline, but also for the humanities in general, and especially for such a part of it as ethics. Neuroethics is an ethics of consciousness or philosophy of the brain, which claims to declare the final victory of the naturalistic paradigm in the understanding of morality and, accordingly, to consider neuroethics itself as a source of new morality in society. Neuroethics becomes, in fact, a natural science - neuroscientific ethics and gets the opportunity to process their conclusions, turning them into recommendations for improving human behavior and relationships in society.
Thanks to the achievements of biology, genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, psycholinguistics is finding new approaches to research, improving the means of influencing the classic, seemingly traditional issues of psycholinguistics: perception, understanding, generation of language, memory and attention. in a new light. A number of interdisciplinary programs have been developed, one of which is The Human Brain Project (HBP), as a major human brain research project launched in 2013 in Geneva by Henry Markram and which brought together hundreds of scientists from 26 countries and 135 partner institutions. The aim of this project is to create the world's first model of the human and rodent brain. The HBP project is unprecedented in its scale and the largest in the history of the study of the human brain, designed for 10 years, until 2023. There are many subprojects in the project itself, one of which is SP12, the main task of which is to create an ethical basis for further research. All this clearly showed that the limit of influence has shifted to consciousness and blurred these processes. At the same time, a science such as neuroethics is developing, which considers ethical issues and tries to work out general principles. It would be advisable to combine these two approaches. The urgency of the development of neuroethics does not raise questions not only in terms of neuroscience, the development of neurotechnology, surprising new breakthroughs and throwing up new and new ethical issues, but also the fact that neuroethics clearly conveys the desire to establish the morality of a new neurosystem. Thus, the contours of neuroethics can be understood, first, as a section of bioethics; secondly, it is expedient to interpret it as applied ethics; thirdly, as an independent kind of research or professional ethics in the field of neuroscience and in neurological practice in medicine; fourth, the most specific not only for this discipline, but also for the humanities in general, and especially for such a part of it as ethics. Neuroethics is an ethics of consciousness or philosophy of the brain, which claims to declare the final victory of the naturalistic paradigm in the understanding of morality and, accordingly, to consider neuroethics itself as a source of new morality in society. Neuroethics becomes, in fact, a natural science - neuroscientific ethics and gets the opportunity to process their conclusions, turning them into recommendations for improving human behavior and relationships in society.
Опис
Ключові слова
психолінгвістика, нейроетика, біоетика, psycholinguistics, neuroethics, bioethics
Бібліографічний опис
Прикладна лінгвістика на Півдні України: здобутки і перспективи : кол. монографія / ОНУ ім. І. І. Мечникова; наук. ред. Н. В. Кондратенко. – Одеса; Вінниця: ТВОРИ, 2022.