Базидіальні гриби-ксилотрофи зелених насаджень міста Одеси
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Дата
2020
Науковий керівник
Укладач
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Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
В роботі наведена таксономічна характеристика 27 видів грибів-ксилотрофів,
які входять до складу відділу Basidiomycota, двох класів, 6 порядків, 13 родин
та 22 родів. Найбільш поширеними були представники порядків Polyporales
(12 видів), Agaricales (7) і Hymenochaetales (5). Інші порядки містили 1–2 види.
Складено список асоційованих з ксилотрофами деревних порід, який налічує 19
видів. Нинішній склад грибів-ксилотрофів засвідчує пригнічений стан зелених
насаджень м. Одеса.
Problem. Species diversity of basidial xylotrophic fungi and their effect on the condition of the wood species associated with them. Aim. Investigation of the xylotrophic mushrooms of the green plantations of trees of Odesa and evaluation of their indicator significance. Methods. Studies of basidial xylotrophics were carried out in 2010-2020. Mushrooms were collected on trees, tree fallout (branches) and on stumps within the city of Odesa, in particular in the parks named after Shevchenko, Pobedy, Savitskyi, Diukovskyi, on the coastal slopes and on the streets of the city, where the oldest age group of tree plants is most widely represented. For this, the method of route studies was used. The description of the identified species was carried out according to the conventional method. When describing fruit bodies (basidiocarps), attention was paid to their shape and size, texture, surface character, color, odor, type of hymenophore. Gif staining was performed with a standard set of reagents and dyes (5-7% KOH or NaOH, Meltzer reagent, iron sulfate, Congo red dye, etc.). A total of about 50 samples of basidiomycetes have been collected. Well-known determinants were used to identify them. Indicative significance of basidial xylotrophics (disturbance of the state tree stand) was evaluated according to the method of O.A. Blinkova. Main results. The total number of the species of basidial xylotrophs found in green plantations of trees of Odesa is 27. They belong to two classes, 6 orders, 13 families and 22 genera. The detected xylotrophs were associated with 19 species of tree plants. It is shown that in the Mycocenoses of green plantations in Odesa, indicators of strong damage of wood species prevail, including mechanical ones, which leads to the thinning of tree stand and its fragmentation. The results obtained can be used for the timely phytosanitary activities in parks and on the city streets. Conclusions: The deterioration of the ecological parameters of the growth areas of the tree species in the green plantations of Odesa leads them to the oppression and settlement by xylotrophic mushrooms.
Problem. Species diversity of basidial xylotrophic fungi and their effect on the condition of the wood species associated with them. Aim. Investigation of the xylotrophic mushrooms of the green plantations of trees of Odesa and evaluation of their indicator significance. Methods. Studies of basidial xylotrophics were carried out in 2010-2020. Mushrooms were collected on trees, tree fallout (branches) and on stumps within the city of Odesa, in particular in the parks named after Shevchenko, Pobedy, Savitskyi, Diukovskyi, on the coastal slopes and on the streets of the city, where the oldest age group of tree plants is most widely represented. For this, the method of route studies was used. The description of the identified species was carried out according to the conventional method. When describing fruit bodies (basidiocarps), attention was paid to their shape and size, texture, surface character, color, odor, type of hymenophore. Gif staining was performed with a standard set of reagents and dyes (5-7% KOH or NaOH, Meltzer reagent, iron sulfate, Congo red dye, etc.). A total of about 50 samples of basidiomycetes have been collected. Well-known determinants were used to identify them. Indicative significance of basidial xylotrophics (disturbance of the state tree stand) was evaluated according to the method of O.A. Blinkova. Main results. The total number of the species of basidial xylotrophs found in green plantations of trees of Odesa is 27. They belong to two classes, 6 orders, 13 families and 22 genera. The detected xylotrophs were associated with 19 species of tree plants. It is shown that in the Mycocenoses of green plantations in Odesa, indicators of strong damage of wood species prevail, including mechanical ones, which leads to the thinning of tree stand and its fragmentation. The results obtained can be used for the timely phytosanitary activities in parks and on the city streets. Conclusions: The deterioration of the ecological parameters of the growth areas of the tree species in the green plantations of Odesa leads them to the oppression and settlement by xylotrophic mushrooms.
Опис
Ключові слова
дереворуйнівні гриби, видовий склад, індикаторне значення, зелені насадження, Одеса, wood destructive fungi, species composition, indicator significance, green plantations of trees, Odessa
Бібліографічний опис
Вісник Одеського національного університету = Odesa National University Herald