«Змагання дискурсів»: до питання про позитивний образ єврейського населення у публікаціях «Одесского вестника» (перша половина 1880-х рр.)
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Дата
2019
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
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Номер E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
У статті висвітлюється питання щодо створення у публікаціях в
локальній пресі в Україні у другій половині ХІХ ст. (на прикладі газети
«Одесский вестник») позитивного образу єврейського населення, який в
історіографії, на тлі уваги до антисемітської пропаганди, здебільшого
маргіналізується, й тому потребує додаткового вивчення. Проведене
дослідження дозволило реконструювати окремі складові позитивного
дискурсу щодо єврейського населення у публікаціях «Одесского вестника» першої половини 1880-х рр., з’ясувати факт існування і особливості
одного з варіантів виразної ідеологічної опозиції публічному антисемітизму.
One of the results of the social modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century in the Russian Empire was the growing of attention towards so called «Jewish question», This process was followed by emergence and dessimination of different discourses towards Jewish component of population, often divided into anti-Semitic and so called liberal, which were engaged in latent or open contest for public opinion. The researchers traditionally paid more attention to anti-Semitic discourses and thus marginalized the questions on attempts to create a positive (relatively) ones and on existing of public opposition towards anti-Semitism in local (for example, urban) societies. The main idea of the article is that a part of local newspapers in Ukraine in the second half of XIX c. such as «Odesskij Vestnik» played the important role in forming and disseminating the relanively positive image of Jewish population and in maintaining public opposition towards anti-Semitism. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of image of the Jewish population that formed on the pages of the newspapere «Odesskij Vestnik» in the first half of the 1880-ies. The study of historiography has showed that the chosen problem needs the further investigation due the traditional maginalization of issue of forming positive discourse by local press. During the investigation we determinated the following discourses as a part of positive image of Jews: 1. Jews – the part of Odesa population, which has its specificity that distinguishes them as a separate ethnic-(religious) community. 2. Jews – such citizens as the rest of the population of the city and Empire. 3. The part of the Jewish population is loyal to «Russian» cultural assimilation. 4. Jews – an integral part of the economic life of Odesa and Right-Bank (Pravoberezhna) Ukraine. 5. Jewish pogroms are the part of a common city and regional (in Southern Ukraine) historical memory and negative social experience. It was revealed that acknowledged liberalizm of «Odesskij Vestnik » in dealing with «Jewish question» was that of assimilation type. To make conclusion, we assert that publications of «Odesskij Vestnik» in the ferst half of 1880-ies played the important role in forming and disseminating the relanively positive image of Jewish population and in maintaining public opposition towards anti-Semitism. The information of different articles in this newspaper in chosen period – the first half of 1880s – gave the possibility to determine a few discourses concerning Jewish population which had positive character comparing with anti-Semitic discourse in some of Odesa newspapers that we revealed in one of our previous study. In spite of the fact that this positive or liberal image towards Jews in non-Jewish press had some specific and represented «external national identity» its revealed features show that it had the big potential to be an important tool in the struggle against anti-Semitism in local public opinion. So the thesis of the article is proved.
One of the results of the social modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century in the Russian Empire was the growing of attention towards so called «Jewish question», This process was followed by emergence and dessimination of different discourses towards Jewish component of population, often divided into anti-Semitic and so called liberal, which were engaged in latent or open contest for public opinion. The researchers traditionally paid more attention to anti-Semitic discourses and thus marginalized the questions on attempts to create a positive (relatively) ones and on existing of public opposition towards anti-Semitism in local (for example, urban) societies. The main idea of the article is that a part of local newspapers in Ukraine in the second half of XIX c. such as «Odesskij Vestnik» played the important role in forming and disseminating the relanively positive image of Jewish population and in maintaining public opposition towards anti-Semitism. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of image of the Jewish population that formed on the pages of the newspapere «Odesskij Vestnik» in the first half of the 1880-ies. The study of historiography has showed that the chosen problem needs the further investigation due the traditional maginalization of issue of forming positive discourse by local press. During the investigation we determinated the following discourses as a part of positive image of Jews: 1. Jews – the part of Odesa population, which has its specificity that distinguishes them as a separate ethnic-(religious) community. 2. Jews – such citizens as the rest of the population of the city and Empire. 3. The part of the Jewish population is loyal to «Russian» cultural assimilation. 4. Jews – an integral part of the economic life of Odesa and Right-Bank (Pravoberezhna) Ukraine. 5. Jewish pogroms are the part of a common city and regional (in Southern Ukraine) historical memory and negative social experience. It was revealed that acknowledged liberalizm of «Odesskij Vestnik » in dealing with «Jewish question» was that of assimilation type. To make conclusion, we assert that publications of «Odesskij Vestnik» in the ferst half of 1880-ies played the important role in forming and disseminating the relanively positive image of Jewish population and in maintaining public opposition towards anti-Semitism. The information of different articles in this newspaper in chosen period – the first half of 1880s – gave the possibility to determine a few discourses concerning Jewish population which had positive character comparing with anti-Semitic discourse in some of Odesa newspapers that we revealed in one of our previous study. In spite of the fact that this positive or liberal image towards Jews in non-Jewish press had some specific and represented «external national identity» its revealed features show that it had the big potential to be an important tool in the struggle against anti-Semitism in local public opinion. So the thesis of the article is proved.
Опис
Ключові слова
історія євреїв в Російській імперії, історія євреїв в Наддніпрянській Україні, історія єврейського населення Одеси в ХІХ ст., образи євреїв у місцевій пресі в Україні у ХІХ ст., опозиція антисемітизму, «Одесский вестник», history of Jews in Russian empire, history of Jews in Naddniprianska (Dnieper region) Ukraine, history of Jewish population in Odesa in XIX c., images of Jews in local press in Ukraine in XIX c., opposition to anti-Semitism; «Odesskij Vestnik»
Бібліографічний опис
Записки історичного факультету = Записки исторического факультета