Амфори типу Camulodunum 184 з Тіри
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Дата
2019
Автори
Науковий керівник
Укладач
Редактор
Назва журналу
ISSN
E-ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова
Анотація
В статті до наукового обігу вводяться фрагменти амфор типу
Camulodunum 184, виявлені під час археологічних досліджень Тіри. Приділяється увага питанням морфології, хронології та походження цього
різновиду тари. Окреслюється ареал розповсюдження таких посудин.
Визначається, що вони використовувались переважно для транспортування пассуму – родзинкового вина. Робиться припущення про те, що
амфори з цим товаром надходили до Тіри у І – другій чверті ІІ ст. н.е. з
кількох східно-середземноморських виробничих пунктів (в тому числі з
Родосу та родоської Переї).
The Camulodunum 184 amphorae are one of the most well-known varieties of early Roman containers in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, such vessels are not believed to enter the Black Sea region, with the area of their distribution being limited only to the territory of the Roman Empire. The aim of this article is introduction and comprehensive study of the Camulodunum 184 amphorae findings from Tyras. This will allow shedding light on the issues related to Tyras’ trade contacts, as well as expanding our notion about the economic relations between the Pontic and Mediterranean regions in the Roman era. The findings of Camulodunum 184 amphorae in Tyras are few in number and represented only by fragments. Such vessels are characterized by high, straight and wide neck with rounded rim, elongated ovoid body, conical stem and «horn-shaped» handles. Their volume is mainly 13,6 liters, although a specimen is known, containing only 8,5 liters. The main product transported in such amphorae was passum – a raisin wine made from dried grapes. This expensive kind of wine was very popular in the capital of the Roman Empire and among the prosperous population of its provinces. The Camulodunum 184 amphorae were produced from the late 1st century BC till the late 2nd century AD, and their production reached a peak in the turn of the eras – mid-2nd century AD. Such vessels were produced in Rhodes, Rhodian Peraea, Kos, in some centers of Asia Minor north-west coast. The Camulodunum 184 amphorae came to Tyras from several workshops. Based on visual differences in composition of fabric and its color, the fragments found in Tyras can be divided into five groups, three of which appear to originate from Rhodes and Rhodian Peraea. The vessels attributed to the other two groups could also have been produced in the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly not far from Rhodes. The fragments of such amphorae from Tyras were found in the redeposited layers, making it difficult to establish the time of their entry to the city. Probably, the Camulodunum 184 amphorae were exported to the Black Sea region during their highest production intensity. Thus, fragments of similar vessels from Panticapaeum date to the 1st – second quarter of the 2nd centuries AD. Thus, in the 1st – second quarter of the 2nd centuries AD Tyras imports passum contained in the Camulodunum 184 amphorae. It was brought in from Rhodes, Rhodian Peraea and unidentified Eastern Mediterranean centers. These supplies were intended for the city’s prosperous population and were few in number. The entry of such amphorae to Tyras was most likely a consequence of the restoration of trade relations with Rhodes and Rhodian Peraea, incorporated to the Roman Empire by this time. However, these contacts were no longer as intense as during the Hellenistic period and were sporadic. The findings in Tyras allow expanding the distribution area of the Camulodunum 184 amphorae to the North-West Black Sea region.
The Camulodunum 184 amphorae are one of the most well-known varieties of early Roman containers in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, such vessels are not believed to enter the Black Sea region, with the area of their distribution being limited only to the territory of the Roman Empire. The aim of this article is introduction and comprehensive study of the Camulodunum 184 amphorae findings from Tyras. This will allow shedding light on the issues related to Tyras’ trade contacts, as well as expanding our notion about the economic relations between the Pontic and Mediterranean regions in the Roman era. The findings of Camulodunum 184 amphorae in Tyras are few in number and represented only by fragments. Such vessels are characterized by high, straight and wide neck with rounded rim, elongated ovoid body, conical stem and «horn-shaped» handles. Their volume is mainly 13,6 liters, although a specimen is known, containing only 8,5 liters. The main product transported in such amphorae was passum – a raisin wine made from dried grapes. This expensive kind of wine was very popular in the capital of the Roman Empire and among the prosperous population of its provinces. The Camulodunum 184 amphorae were produced from the late 1st century BC till the late 2nd century AD, and their production reached a peak in the turn of the eras – mid-2nd century AD. Such vessels were produced in Rhodes, Rhodian Peraea, Kos, in some centers of Asia Minor north-west coast. The Camulodunum 184 amphorae came to Tyras from several workshops. Based on visual differences in composition of fabric and its color, the fragments found in Tyras can be divided into five groups, three of which appear to originate from Rhodes and Rhodian Peraea. The vessels attributed to the other two groups could also have been produced in the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly not far from Rhodes. The fragments of such amphorae from Tyras were found in the redeposited layers, making it difficult to establish the time of their entry to the city. Probably, the Camulodunum 184 amphorae were exported to the Black Sea region during their highest production intensity. Thus, fragments of similar vessels from Panticapaeum date to the 1st – second quarter of the 2nd centuries AD. Thus, in the 1st – second quarter of the 2nd centuries AD Tyras imports passum contained in the Camulodunum 184 amphorae. It was brought in from Rhodes, Rhodian Peraea and unidentified Eastern Mediterranean centers. These supplies were intended for the city’s prosperous population and were few in number. The entry of such amphorae to Tyras was most likely a consequence of the restoration of trade relations with Rhodes and Rhodian Peraea, incorporated to the Roman Empire by this time. However, these contacts were no longer as intense as during the Hellenistic period and were sporadic. The findings in Tyras allow expanding the distribution area of the Camulodunum 184 amphorae to the North-West Black Sea region.
Опис
Ключові слова
амфори типу Camulodunum 184, пассум, римський час, Тіра, Причорноморʼя, Родос, родоська Перея, Camulodunum 184 amphorae, passum, Roman period, Tyras, Black Sea area, Rhodes, Rhodian Peraea
Бібліографічний опис
Записки історичного факультету = Записки исторического факультета