Полимеризация в системе оксид серы(IV)–акриламид–вода
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2017
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При взаимодействии в системе оксид серы(1У)— акриламид—вода образуется полиакриламид (ПАА), строение и физико-химические свойства которого зависят от температуры синтеза. Показано, что добавка гидрокарбоната к реакционной смеси уменьшает константу роста цепи. Полученные образцы ПАА охарактеризованы данными элементного анализа, ИК-спектроскопии и вискозиметрии. Наличие в образцах ПАА следовых количеств серы указывает на то, что сополимеризация акриламида с оксидом cepbi(lV) в воде нивелируется гидролизом, в отличие от протекания реакции в органических растворителях в присутствии инициаторов.
Методом вискозиметрии получены зависимости вязкости от концентрации, характерные для неионогенных полимеров. Существенные различия в значениях характеристической вязкости и средних молярных масс образцов, полученных в системах с добавкой и без добавки гидрокарбоната, очевидно, указывает на то, что введение последнего уменьшает константу скорости процесса роста цепи. Предположено, что взаимодействие в системе SO2—CH2=CHC(0)NH2—HjO сопровождается анионной гомополимеризацией АА с образованием ПАА. Очевидно, акриламид с оксидом серьі(іУ) в воде образует комплексы с переносом заряда (подобно другим амидам), которые выступают в качестве катализаторов наблюдаемой гомополимеризации.
The stnicture md physicochemical properties ofpolyacrylamide (PAA), which is formed in the sulfur dioxide—acrylamide—water reaction system, depend on the synthesis temperature. It has been shown that the addition of hydrocarbonate to the reaction mixture reduces the constant of chain growth. The obtained PAA samples were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and viscosimetry. The presence of trace amounts of sulfur in the PAA samples indicates that the copolymerization of acrylamide with sulfur dioxide in the water is leveled by hydrolysis, in contrast to the reaction in organic solvents in the presence of initiators. The dependences of viscosity on concentration, which are typical of non-ionic polymers, were obtained by viscosimetry method. The significant dijferences in the intrinsic viscosity values and average molar masses of the samples obtained in the systems with and without hydrocarbonate additives clearly indicate that its addition decreases the rate constant of the process of chain growth. It has been suggested that the interaction in the S02—CH2=CHC(0)НІІ2-ІІ20 system is accompanied by anionic homopolymerization of acrylamide with the formation of PAA. It is obvious that acrylamide with sulfur dioxide in water forms complexes with charge transfer (similarly to other amides) which act as catalysts in the observed homopolymerization.
The stnicture md physicochemical properties ofpolyacrylamide (PAA), which is formed in the sulfur dioxide—acrylamide—water reaction system, depend on the synthesis temperature. It has been shown that the addition of hydrocarbonate to the reaction mixture reduces the constant of chain growth. The obtained PAA samples were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and viscosimetry. The presence of trace amounts of sulfur in the PAA samples indicates that the copolymerization of acrylamide with sulfur dioxide in the water is leveled by hydrolysis, in contrast to the reaction in organic solvents in the presence of initiators. The dependences of viscosity on concentration, which are typical of non-ionic polymers, were obtained by viscosimetry method. The significant dijferences in the intrinsic viscosity values and average molar masses of the samples obtained in the systems with and without hydrocarbonate additives clearly indicate that its addition decreases the rate constant of the process of chain growth. It has been suggested that the interaction in the S02—CH2=CHC(0)НІІ2-ІІ20 system is accompanied by anionic homopolymerization of acrylamide with the formation of PAA. It is obvious that acrylamide with sulfur dioxide in water forms complexes with charge transfer (similarly to other amides) which act as catalysts in the observed homopolymerization.
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Ключові слова
оксид cepы(IV), полиакриламид, водный раствор, гидрокарбонат, гомополимеризация, sulfur dioxide, polyacrylamide, aqueous solution, hydrocarbonate, homopolymerization
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Вопросы химии и химической технологии