Успадкуваннята та ефекти доповненої хромосоми st геному Elymus Sibiricus з чужинними ознаками від амфіплоїда Elytricum Fertle
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Дата
2016
Науковий керівник
Укладач
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Анотація
Збагачення генофонду сучасних сортів
м’якої пшениці та отримання принципово но-
вих генотипів можливе шляхом перенесення генетичної інформації від інших (у тому числі дикорослих) видів. Невичерпним резервом селекції
є рекомбінативна мінливість цілих хромосом, їх
часток (транслокацій) або й навіть окремих геномів.
Plant pathological and cytological analyses were carried out to detect an alien chromosome in original addition stocks and to investigate its inheritance and effects. Methods. Plant pathological, cytological and phenotypical analyses have been applied. Results. The Elymus sibiricus St genome chromosome addition have been detected. The chromosome is transmitted through the eggs with a frequency of 19.0% and via pollen of 4.2%. The addition has resulted the asynapsis and pairing decrease of homologous wheat chromosomes, causing aneuploidy, however, with a very low frequency (6.4%), low fertility and productivity. Conclusions. The stocks have monosomic or disomic chromosome addition. The addition was contributed by the collection amphiploid Elytricum fertile and originated from St genome of Elymus sibiricus. The alien chromosome carries major linked genes determining hairiness of the leaf upper surface (Hle) and leaf rust resistance (Lre). The addition lines can not be used directly in agricultural practice because of meiotic instability that can lead to loss of the addition chromosome, low productivity and a number of other undesirable factors associated with the presence of the alien chromosome.
Plant pathological and cytological analyses were carried out to detect an alien chromosome in original addition stocks and to investigate its inheritance and effects. Methods. Plant pathological, cytological and phenotypical analyses have been applied. Results. The Elymus sibiricus St genome chromosome addition have been detected. The chromosome is transmitted through the eggs with a frequency of 19.0% and via pollen of 4.2%. The addition has resulted the asynapsis and pairing decrease of homologous wheat chromosomes, causing aneuploidy, however, with a very low frequency (6.4%), low fertility and productivity. Conclusions. The stocks have monosomic or disomic chromosome addition. The addition was contributed by the collection amphiploid Elytricum fertile and originated from St genome of Elymus sibiricus. The alien chromosome carries major linked genes determining hairiness of the leaf upper surface (Hle) and leaf rust resistance (Lre). The addition lines can not be used directly in agricultural practice because of meiotic instability that can lead to loss of the addition chromosome, low productivity and a number of other undesirable factors associated with the presence of the alien chromosome.
Опис
Ключові слова
Triticum aestivum, Elymus sibiricus, додавання хромосом, спадкування, chromosome addition, inheritance
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